The effect of printing parameters on hardness in the production of Poli lactic acid (PLA)-based samples with a 3D printer

Sermet Demir

Article Details

The effect of printing parameters on hardness in the production of Poli lactic acid (PLA)-based samples with a 3D printer

Authors:

Sermet Demir

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 2, pp.136-144

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316310

pISSN:

2147-5881

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The fused Deposited Modelling FDM technique, one of the additive manufacturing methods, has attracted much attention recently due to its high design flexibility and ability to create complex parts. While a wide variety of parts can be easily manufactured using 3D printers layer by layer according to traditional methods, the printing parameters significantly affect the mechanical properties of the products. This study aims to investigate the effect of printing parameters on the parts hardness. Nozzle diameter, layer height, raster angle, and nozzle temperature were chosen as the printing parameters to be investigated. Three levels were determined for each parameter, and the required high number of experiments was reduced by applying the Taguchi experimental design method. Polylactic acid PLA based samples were manufactured and tested according to ASTM standards. Hardness measurements were taken from 5 points on each sample using the Rockwell L method. The highest hardness value was measured as 45 HRL. Although the contribution of nozzle diameter to hardness is 85, the effect of nozzle temperature is very low and uncertain. The hardness of the manufactured part is directly proportional to the layer thickness and inverse nozzle diameter. Productions made with high-diameter nozzles give better mechanical results and reduce production time. With the increase in the performance of 3D printers and the decrease in costs, the preference rate in manufacturing end-user products is increasing. This study will help to calculate the printing parameters with less uncertainty and variability in determining the surface hardness of the samples.

 The fused Deposited Modelling FDM technique, one of the additive manufacturing methods, has attracted much attention recently due to its high design flexibility and ability to create complex parts. While a wide variety of parts can be easily manufactured using 3D printers layer by layer according to traditional methods, the printing parameters significantly affect the mechanical properties of the products. This study aims to investigate the effect of printing parameters on the parts hardness. Nozzle diameter, layer height, raster angle, and nozzle temperature were chosen as the printing parameters to be investigated. Three levels were determined for each parameter, and the required high number of experiments was reduced by applying the Taguchi experimental design method. Polylactic acid PLA based samples were manufactured and tested according to ASTM standards. Hardness measurements were taken from 5 points on each sample using the Rockwell L method. The highest hardness value was measured as 45 HRL. Although the contribution of nozzle diameter to hardness is 85, the effect of nozzle temperature is very low and uncertain. The hardness of the manufactured part is directly proportional to the layer thickness and inverse nozzle diameter. Productions made with high-diameter nozzles give better mechanical results and reduce production time. With the increase in the performance of 3D printers and the decrease in costs, the preference rate in manufacturing end-user products is increasing. This study will help to calculate the printing parameters with less uncertainty and variability in determining the surface hardness of the samples.

 The fused Deposited Modelling FDM technique, one of the additive manufacturing methods, has attracted much attention recently due to its high design flexibility and ability to create complex parts. While a wide variety of parts can be easily manufactured using 3D printers layer by layer according to traditional methods, the printing parameters significantly affect the mechanical properties of the products. This study aims to investigate the effect of printing parameters on the parts hardness. Nozzle diameter, layer height, raster angle, and nozzle temperature were chosen as the printing parameters to be investigated. Three levels were determined for each parameter, and the required high number of experiments was reduced by applying the Taguchi experimental design method. Polylactic acid PLA based samples were manufactured and tested according to ASTM standards. Hardness measurements were taken from 5 points on each sample using the Rockwell L method. The highest hardness value was measured as 45 HRL. Although the contribution of nozzle diameter to hardness is 85, the effect of nozzle temperature is very low and uncertain. The hardness of the manufactured part is directly proportional to the layer thickness and inverse nozzle diameter. Productions made with high-diameter nozzles give better mechanical results and reduce production time. With the increase in the performance of 3D printers and the decrease in costs, the preference rate in manufacturing end-user products is increasing. This study will help to calculate the printing parameters with less uncertainty and variability in determining the surface hardness of the samples.

 FDM tekniği, yüksek tasarım esnekliği ve karmaşık şekiller oluşturabilme yeteneği nedeniyle son yıllarda oldukça ilgi görmektedir. Çok çeşitli parçalar 3 boyutlu 3B yazıcılar ile katman katman geleneksel yöntemlere göre kolaylıkla imal edilebilirken, baskı işlem parametrelerinin ürünlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi çok yüksektir. Bu çalışmada yazıcı parametrelerinin parçanın sertliği üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Nozül çapı, katman yüksekliği, içörgü açısı ve nozül sıcaklığı araştırılacak yazdırma parametreleri olarak seçilmiştir. Her bir parametre için üç seviye belirlenmiştir ve gerekli olan yüksek deney sayısı Taguchi deney tasarım metodu uygulanarak düşürülmüştür. Poli laktik asit PLA esaslı numuneler ASTM standartlarına göre imal ve test edilmiştir. Rockwell L metodu uygulanarak her numunenin üzerinde 5 farklı noktandan sertlik ölçümü alınmıştır. En yüksek sertlik değeri 45 HRL olarak ölçülmüştür. Nozül çapının sertliğe katkısı 85 olmasına rağmen nozül sıcaklığının etkisi çok düşük ve belirsizdir. İmal edilen parçanın sertliği katman kalınlığı ile ters nozül çapı ile doğru orantılıdır. Yüksek çaplı nozül ile yapılan imalatlar daha iyi mekanik sonuç vermesinin yanında, üretim süresini de düşürmektedir. 3B yazıcıların performanslarının artması ve maliyetlerinin düşmesi ile son kullanıcı ürünlerin imalatında da tercih edilme oranı git gide artmaktadır. Bu çalışma yazıcı işlem parametrelerinin numunelerin yüzey sertliğini belirlemede daha az belirsizlik ve değişkenlikle hesaplanmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

Article Details

The effect of printing parameters on hardness in the production of Poli lactic acid (PLA)-based samples with a 3D printer

Authors:

Sermet Demir

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 2, pp.136-144

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316310

pISSN:

2147-5881

Fused deposited modelling

Hardness

Dimensional quality

Taguchi

ANOVAEriyik yığma metodu

Sertlik

Boyutsal doğruluk

Taguchi

ANOVA

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Sermet Demir

Publisher: Pamukkale University

Main Topics: Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Journal: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 2, pp.136-144

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 4/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001316310

pISSN: 2147-5881

Issues

Authors:

Sermet Demir

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 2, pp.136-144

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316310

pISSN:

2147-5881