Trade Policy of The Danube Bulgarian State

Öner Tolan

Article Details

Trade Policy of The Danube Bulgarian State

Authors:

Öner Tolan

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Journal:

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.551-575

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297604

pISSN:

2149-4622

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Bulgars had succeeded in establishing an independent state in the northern steppes of the Black Sea under the leadership of Kubrat Khan in the first half of the 7th century. But, this state, which weakened upon the death of its founder, lost its political existence in a short time. Asparuh Khan, together with the tribes affiliated to him, came to the Lower Danube region and succeeded in establishing a new state in 681. While the foundations of the state were strengthened during the successful administration of Tervel Khan, who came after Asparuh, the interregnum period that followed immediately shook the central authority. The state, which recovered at the end of the 8th century, reached the peak of its power with Kurum Han. The Bulgarian State, which became a Christian Slavic state in the middle of the 9th century, reached the second peak of its political power during the reign of Symeon. However, the administrators who came after him could not display the same successful management. Since the first time they came to the Danube river-banks, the Bulgarians have evaluated the economic potential of their new homeland quite appropriately and have engaged in some economic activities. Agriculture and trade took the first place in this respect. As a matter of fact, after the completion of the establishment, we see that an active trade policy has been implemented since the reign of the second ruler, Tervel Han. The aim of this study is to determine the principles of the trade policy carried out by the rulers of the Danube Bulgarian State, which ruled between the specified dates. Accordingly, the subject of commercial activities in Bulgarians, which can be the subject of a separate study, will not be discussed and only the policy followed by the state in this field of economy will be tried to be determined.

 Bulgars had succeeded in establishing an independent state in the northern steppes of the Black Sea under the leadership of Kubrat Khan in the first half of the 7th century. But, this state, which weakened upon the death of its founder, lost its political existence in a short time. Asparuh Khan, together with the tribes affiliated to him, came to the Lower Danube region and succeeded in establishing a new state in 681. While the foundations of the state were strengthened during the successful administration of Tervel Khan, who came after Asparuh, the interregnum period that followed immediately shook the central authority. The state, which recovered at the end of the 8th century, reached the peak of its power with Kurum Han. The Bulgarian State, which became a Christian Slavic state in the middle of the 9th century, reached the second peak of its political power during the reign of Symeon. However, the administrators who came after him could not display the same successful management. Since the first time they came to the Danube river-banks, the Bulgarians have evaluated the economic potential of their new homeland quite appropriately and have engaged in some economic activities. Agriculture and trade took the first place in this respect. As a matter of fact, after the completion of the establishment, we see that an active trade policy has been implemented since the reign of the second ruler, Tervel Han. The aim of this study is to determine the principles of the trade policy carried out by the rulers of the Danube Bulgarian State, which ruled between the specified dates. Accordingly, the subject of commercial activities in Bulgarians, which can be the subject of a separate study, will not be discussed and only the policy followed by the state in this field of economy will be tried to be determined.

 Bulgars had succeeded in establishing an independent state in the northern steppes of the Black Sea under the leadership of Kubrat Khan in the first half of the 7th century. But, this state, which weakened upon the death of its founder, lost its political existence in a short time. Asparuh Khan, together with the tribes affiliated to him, came to the Lower Danube region and succeeded in establishing a new state in 681. While the foundations of the state were strengthened during the successful administration of Tervel Khan, who came after Asparuh, the interregnum period that followed immediately shook the central authority. The state, which recovered at the end of the 8th century, reached the peak of its power with Kurum Han. The Bulgarian State, which became a Christian Slavic state in the middle of the 9th century, reached the second peak of its political power during the reign of Symeon. However, the administrators who came after him could not display the same successful management. Since the first time they came to the Danube river-banks, the Bulgarians have evaluated the economic potential of their new homeland quite appropriately and have engaged in some economic activities. Agriculture and trade took the first place in this respect. As a matter of fact, after the completion of the establishment, we see that an active trade policy has been implemented since the reign of the second ruler, Tervel Han. The aim of this study is to determine the principles of the trade policy carried out by the rulers of the Danube Bulgarian State, which ruled between the specified dates. Accordingly, the subject of commercial activities in Bulgarians, which can be the subject of a separate study, will not be discussed and only the policy followed by the state in this field of economy will be tried to be determined.

 Bulgarlar, VII. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Karadenizin kuzey bozkırlarında Kubrat Han liderliğinde bağımsız bir devlet kurmayı başarmışlardı. Ancak kurucusunun ölümü üzerine zaafa uğrayan bu devlet kısa sürede siyasi varlığını yitirdi. Asparuh Han, kendisine bağlı boylarla birlikte Aşağı Tuna boylarına gelerek 681 yılında bir devlet kurmayı başardı. Asparuhtan sonra gelen Tervel Hanın başarılı idaresi döneminde devletin temelleri sağlamlaşırken hemen sonrasında yaşanan fetret dönemi merkezi otoriteyi ciddi oranda sarstı. VIII. yüzyılın sonlarında yeniden toparlanan devlet Kurum Han ile birlikte gücünün doruğuna ulaştı. IX. yüzyıl ortalarında Hıristiyan Slav bir devlet haline gelen Bulgar Devleti, Symeon döneminde siyasi gücünün ikinci zirve noktasına ulaştı. Ancak ondan sonra gelen idareciler aynı başarılı yönetimi sergileyemediler. Bulgarlar, Tuna boylarına ilk geldikleri zamandan itibaren yeni yurtlarının ekonomik potansiyelini oldukça yerinde bir biçimde değerlendirmişler ve bir takım ekonomik faaliyetlere girişmişlerdir. Bu alanda ziraat ve ticaret ilk sırada yer almıştır. Nitekim kuruluşun tamamlamasının ardından ikinci hükümdar Tervel Han döneminden itibaren aktif bir ticaret politikası uygulandığını görmekteyiz. Bu çalışmanın amacı belirtilen tarihler arasında hüküm sürmüş olan Tuna Bulgar Devletinin hükümdarları tarafından sürdürülen ticaret politikasının esaslarını tespit etmektir. Buna bağlı olarak, ayrı bir çalışmanın konusu olabilecek olan Bulgarlarda ticari faaliyetler konusuna girilmeyecek ve sadece devletin ekonominin bu alanına yönelik takip ettiği siyaset tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Article Details

Trade Policy of The Danube Bulgarian State

Authors:

Öner Tolan

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Journal:

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.551-575

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297604

pISSN:

2149-4622

Danube Bulgarian State

Byzantium

Bulgarian Khans

Trade Policy

Trade in the Middle AgesTuna Bulgar Devleti

Bizans

Bulgar Hanları

Ticaret Politikası

Orta çağda Ticaret

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Öner Tolan

Publisher: Mus Alparslan University

Journal: Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.551-575

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 8/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001297604

pISSN: 2149-4622

Issues

Authors:

Öner Tolan

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Journal:

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.11 Issue 2, pp.551-575

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001297604

pISSN:

2149-4622