The Caliph Nasir-Lidinilah and the Later Futuwwa Organization in the Abbasids

Yasemin Sarı Cevelek

Article Details

The Caliph Nasir-Lidinilah and the Later Futuwwa Organization in the Abbasids

Authors:

Yasemin Sarı Cevelek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 5, pp.3045-3057

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001303174

pISSN:

2147-1185

Keywords:

Abstract:

 As a social institution, futuwwa is a part of our cultural history and constitutes one of the important dynamics of the society. Examination of the developmental phases of futuwwa in the historical process is important in terms of our religious, social, political and cultural life. In this respect, the futuwwa organization, which we think is important, requires examination from a historical perspective. Futuwwa which means youth, heroism, generosity, derives from the word fetā, which means young, heroic, generous in the Quran, and was used by the Arab in the pre-Islamic period for moral qualities such as bravery, chastity and generosity. At that time, it was not possible to talk about futuwwa as an institution. Futuwwa consisted mostly of moral qualities maintained by the personal efforts of individuals. In the Islamic period, especially during the reign of Khulafa al-Rashidun, the borders of the Islamic state spread to Iran, Syria, Egypt and North Africa, and the contact with different cultures led to many changes in social and political fields. With the coming to power of the Umayyads, this change accelerated even more, and due to the increase in interaction with other cultures in the expanding lands, situations that would create chaos in the Islamic society began to emerge over time. This situation paved the way for the emergence of the concept of futuwwa in the society. The use of futuwwa to express a social group in society took place during the Abbasid period. However, the emergence of futuwwa as an identity that determines a social segment took place during the Abbasid period. In this study, after a brief definition of futuwwa is made and its formations and its course in the historical process are mentioned. In addition, the organization of the futuwwa during the reign of Nasir-Lidinillah 575-6221280-1225, one of the Abbasid caliphs, and the political and religious reasons that led the caliph to this were mentioned. The main focus of the study is Zahir Biemrillah 622-6231225-1226, Müstansır-Billah 623-6401226-1242 and Müstasim-Billah 642-6561226-1258, who respectively became the caliphate after Caliph Nasir and remained in the caliphate for thirty-three years in total. This situation of the Futuwwa organization in the periods was examined.

 As a social institution, futuwwa is a part of our cultural history and constitutes one of the important dynamics of the society. Examination of the developmental phases of futuwwa in the historical process is important in terms of our religious, social, political and cultural life. In this respect, the futuwwa organization, which we think is important, requires examination from a historical perspective. Futuwwa which means youth, heroism, generosity, derives from the word fetā, which means young, heroic, generous in the Quran, and was used by the Arab in the pre-Islamic period for moral qualities such as bravery, chastity and generosity. At that time, it was not possible to talk about futuwwa as an institution. Futuwwa consisted mostly of moral qualities maintained by the personal efforts of individuals. In the Islamic period, especially during the reign of Khulafa al-Rashidun, the borders of the Islamic state spread to Iran, Syria, Egypt and North Africa, and the contact with different cultures led to many changes in social and political fields. With the coming to power of the Umayyads, this change accelerated even more, and due to the increase in interaction with other cultures in the expanding lands, situations that would create chaos in the Islamic society began to emerge over time. This situation paved the way for the emergence of the concept of futuwwa in the society. The use of futuwwa to express a social group in society took place during the Abbasid period. However, the emergence of futuwwa as an identity that determines a social segment took place during the Abbasid period. In this study, after a brief definition of futuwwa is made and its formations and its course in the historical process are mentioned. In addition, the organization of the futuwwa during the reign of Nasir-Lidinillah 575-6221280-1225, one of the Abbasid caliphs, and the political and religious reasons that led the caliph to this were mentioned. The main focus of the study is Zahir Biemrillah 622-6231225-1226, Müstansır-Billah 623-6401226-1242 and Müstasim-Billah 642-6561226-1258, who respectively became the caliphate after Caliph Nasir and remained in the caliphate for thirty-three years in total. This situation of the Futuwwa organization in the periods was examined.

 As a social institution, futuwwa is a part of our cultural history and constitutes one of the important dynamics of the society. Examination of the developmental phases of futuwwa in the historical process is important in terms of our religious, social, political and cultural life. In this respect, the futuwwa organization, which we think is important, requires examination from a historical perspective. Futuwwa which means youth, heroism, generosity, derives from the word fetā, which means young, heroic, generous in the Quran, and was used by the Arab in the pre-Islamic period for moral qualities such as bravery, chastity and generosity. At that time, it was not possible to talk about futuwwa as an institution. Futuwwa consisted mostly of moral qualities maintained by the personal efforts of individuals. In the Islamic period, especially during the reign of Khulafa al-Rashidun, the borders of the Islamic state spread to Iran, Syria, Egypt and North Africa, and the contact with different cultures led to many changes in social and political fields. With the coming to power of the Umayyads, this change accelerated even more, and due to the increase in interaction with other cultures in the expanding lands, situations that would create chaos in the Islamic society began to emerge over time. This situation paved the way for the emergence of the concept of futuwwa in the society. The use of futuwwa to express a social group in society took place during the Abbasid period. However, the emergence of futuwwa as an identity that determines a social segment took place during the Abbasid period. In this study, after a brief definition of futuwwa is made and its formations and its course in the historical process are mentioned. In addition, the organization of the futuwwa during the reign of Nasir-Lidinillah 575-6221280-1225, one of the Abbasid caliphs, and the political and religious reasons that led the caliph to this were mentioned. The main focus of the study is Zahir Biemrillah 622-6231225-1226, Müstansır-Billah 623-6401226-1242 and Müstasim-Billah 642-6561226-1258, who respectively became the caliphate after Caliph Nasir and remained in the caliphate for thirty-three years in total. This situation of the Futuwwa organization in the periods was examined.

 Sosyal bir müessese olarak fütüvvet, kültür tarihimizin bir parçası olup toplumun önemli dinamiklerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Fütüvvetin tarihî süreçte geçirdiği gelişim evrelerinin incelenmesi dinî, içtimaî, siyasî ve kültürel hayatımız açısından ehemmiyet arz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan fütüvvet teşkilatı, tarihî perspektiften de incelemeyi gerektirmektedir. Gençlik, kahramanlık, cömertlik gibi manalara gelen fütüvvet, Kurân-ı Kerîmde genç, kahraman, cömert anlamlarına gelen fetâ kelimesinden türemiş olup İslâm öncesi dönemde Arap toplumu tarafından şecaat, iffet, cömertlik gibi ahlâkî vasıflar için kullanılmaktaydı. O dönemde fütüvvetten bir kurum olarak bahsetmek mümkün değildi. Fütüvvet daha ziyade bireylerin şahsî çabalarıyla sürdürülen ahlâkî vasıflardan ibaretti. İslâmî döneme gelindiğinde özellikle Hulefâ-yi râşidîn zamanında İslâm devletinin sınırlarının İran, Suriye, Mısır ve Kuzey Afrikaya kadar yayılmasıyla birlikte farklı kültürlerle temasa geçilmesi, sosyal ve siyasî alanlarda pek çok değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Emevîlerin iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte bu değişim daha da hızlanmış, genişleyen topraklarda diğer kültürlerle etkileşimin artması sebebiyle zamanla İslâm toplumunda kaos oluşturacak durumlar ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bu durum toplumda fütüvvet telakkisinin doğmasına zemin oluşturmuştur. Fütüvvetin toplumda sosyal bir zümreyi ifade etmek maksadıyla kullanılması ise Abbâsîler döneminde gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmada fütüvvetin kısaca tanımı yapılmış olup fütüvvet teşekküllerine ve tarihî süreçteki seyrine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca fütüvvet oluşumunun Abbâsî halifelerinden Nâsır-Lidînillâh döneminde 575-6221280-1225 teşkilat haline getirilmesi ve halifeyi buna sevk eden siyasî ve dinî gerekçelerden bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmada asıl olarak ise Halife Nâsırdan sonra sırasıyla hilafete geçen ve toplamda otuz üç yıl hilafette kalan Zâhir-Biemrillâh 622-6231225-1226, Müstansır-Billâh 623-6401226-1242 ve Müstasım-Billâh 642-6561242-1258 dönemlerinde fütüvvet teşkilatının durumu incelenmiştir.

Article Details

The Caliph Nasir-Lidinilah and the Later Futuwwa Organization in the Abbasids

Authors:

Yasemin Sarı Cevelek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 5, pp.3045-3057

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001303174

pISSN:

2147-1185

Futuwwa

Nasir-Lidinillah

Mustansir-Billah

Mustasim-Billah

OrganizationFütüvvet

Nâsır-Lidînillâh

Müstansır-Billâh

Müsta‘sım-Billâh

Teşkilat

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Yasemin Sarı Cevelek

Publisher: Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics: Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal: İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 5, pp.3045-3057

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001303174

pISSN: 2147-1185

Issues

Authors:

Yasemin Sarı Cevelek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Tarihsel Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 5, pp.3045-3057

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001303174

pISSN:

2147-1185