Evaluation of Administrative Detention Within the Framework of Immigrants’ Impunity in the Context of Migrant Smuggling Crime

Meral Balcı

Article Details

Evaluation of Administrative Detention Within the Framework of Immigrants’ Impunity in the Context of Migrant Smuggling Crime

Authors:

Meral Balcı

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Journal:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 3, pp.773-815

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315861

pISSN:

2636-7734

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Migrant smuggling is a multifaceted problem with a transnational nature. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime also includes the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, established in 2000, as part of the legal efforts of the States to combat illegal immigration. With this Protocol, the State parties are obligated to criminalize migrant smuggling. Furthermore, the importance of protecting the rights of immigrants has been pointed out in some cases. In this respect, the Protocol presents both State and immigrant-oriented approach. The peculiarity of this paper is the principle of not punishing immigrants. Protocol art 5 is for this purpose, which states that immigrants are immune from criminal prosecution because they are the subject of the migrant smuggling crime. Emphasizing the fact that immigrants are the subject of the crime necessitates a distinct treatment of the legal status of immigrants within the context ofthe migrantsmuggling crime. The basis and scope of not punishing immigrants will be examined in the context of the mentioned principle. The examination will be carried out on the axis of administrative detention measure. Administrative detention measures are applied in the presence of certain conditions in the admission or deportation process of aliens from the country. The increased administrative detention measures against immigrants necessitated an approach from the perspective of criminal law, particularly in recent years. Administrative detention is important concerning the subject matter because it is founded on the principle of liberty deprivation.

 Migrant smuggling is a multifaceted problem with a transnational nature. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime also includes the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, established in 2000, as part of the legal efforts of the States to combat illegal immigration. With this Protocol, the State parties are obligated to criminalize migrant smuggling. Furthermore, the importance of protecting the rights of immigrants has been pointed out in some cases. In this respect, the Protocol presents both State and immigrant-oriented approach. The peculiarity of this paper is the principle of not punishing immigrants. Protocol art 5 is for this purpose, which states that immigrants are immune from criminal prosecution because they are the subject of the migrant smuggling crime. Emphasizing the fact that immigrants are the subject of the crime necessitates a distinct treatment of the legal status of immigrants within the context ofthe migrantsmuggling crime. The basis and scope of not punishing immigrants will be examined in the context of the mentioned principle. The examination will be carried out on the axis of administrative detention measure. Administrative detention measures are applied in the presence of certain conditions in the admission or deportation process of aliens from the country. The increased administrative detention measures against immigrants necessitated an approach from the perspective of criminal law, particularly in recent years. Administrative detention is important concerning the subject matter because it is founded on the principle of liberty deprivation.

 Migrant smuggling is a multifaceted problem with a transnational nature. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime also includes the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, established in 2000, as part of the legal efforts of the States to combat illegal immigration. With this Protocol, the State parties are obligated to criminalize migrant smuggling. Furthermore, the importance of protecting the rights of immigrants has been pointed out in some cases. In this respect, the Protocol presents both State and immigrant-oriented approach. The peculiarity of this paper is the principle of not punishing immigrants. Protocol art 5 is for this purpose, which states that immigrants are immune from criminal prosecution because they are the subject of the migrant smuggling crime. Emphasizing the fact that immigrants are the subject of the crime necessitates a distinct treatment of the legal status of immigrants within the context ofthe migrantsmuggling crime. The basis and scope of not punishing immigrants will be examined in the context of the mentioned principle. The examination will be carried out on the axis of administrative detention measure. Administrative detention measures are applied in the presence of certain conditions in the admission or deportation process of aliens from the country. The increased administrative detention measures against immigrants necessitated an approach from the perspective of criminal law, particularly in recent years. Administrative detention is important concerning the subject matter because it is founded on the principle of liberty deprivation.

 Göçmen kaçakçılığı sınıraşan niteliği ile çok yönlü bir konudur. Devletlerin yasa dışı göçle mücadeleyi hukuksal düzlemde ele almaya yönelik girişimleri kapsamında 2000 tarihli Sınıraşan Örgütlü Suçlara Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesine Ek Kara, Deniz ve Hava Yoluyla Göçmen Kaçakçılığına Karşı Protokol de bulunmaktadır. Bu Protokol ile üye devletlere yasal düzenlemeler ile göçmen kaçakçılığını suç olarak kabul etme yükümlülüğü öngörülmüş ve ayrıca bazı durumlarda göçmenlerin haklarının korunmasının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu yönüyle Protokol hem devlet hem göçmen odaklı bir yaklaşım göstermektedir. Çalışma bağlamında özellik arz eden husus, göçmenlerin cezalandırılmaması ilkesidir. Protokol md. 5 düzenlemesi buna yönelik olup, göçmenlerin göçmen kaçakçılığı suçunun konusu olmaları nedeniyle cezai kovuşturmaya tabi tutulamayacağı belirtilmiştir. Göçmenlerin suçun konusunu teşkil ettiği vurgusu, göçmenlerin göçmen kaçakçılığı suçu kapsamında hukuki niteliğinin ayrıca ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Sözü edilen ilke bağlamında göçmenlerin cezalandırılmamasının esası ve kapsamı incelenecektir. İnceleme, idari gözetim tedbiri ekseninde yapılacaktır. İdari gözetim tedbiri, yabancıların ülkeye kabul veya ülkeden sınır dışı edilmelerine ilişkin süreçte belirli koşulların varlığı halinde uygulanmaktadır. Tedbir, önceleri istisnai niteliği ile anılmakta iken; son zamanlarda yasa dışı göç olaylarının artışı ile tartışma konusu olmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle son yıllarda göçmenlere yönelik uygulanan idari gözetim tedbirinde yaşanan artış, tedbire yönelik ceza hukuku perspektifinden bir yaklaşımı gerekli kılmıştır. İdari gözetimi konu bakımından önemli kılan husus, bu tedbirin kişiyi özgürlüğünden yoksun kılma esasına dayanmasıdır. Bu nedenle ceza hukuku kurumları olarak gözaltı, tutuklama ve hapis cezası ile benzer yönleri ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. İdari gözetimin, kaçak göçmenlere yönelik bir cezalandırma aracı olarak kullanılıp kullanılmadığı ve buna bağlı olarak Protokol md. 5in ihlaline sebep olup olmadığı çalışmanın temel sorusunu teşkil etmektedir.

Article Details

Evaluation of Administrative Detention Within the Framework of Immigrants’ Impunity in the Context of Migrant Smuggling Crime

Authors:

Meral Balcı

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Journal:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 3, pp.773-815

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315861

pISSN:

2636-7734

Migrant Smuggling

Foreigner

Protocol

Administrative detention

Non-punishmentGöçmen Kaçakçılığı

Yabancı

Protokol

İdari Gözetim

Cezasızlık

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Meral Balcı

Publisher: Istanbul University

Main Topics: Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Journal: İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 3, pp.773-815

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 4/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001315861

pISSN: 2636-7734

Issues

Authors:

Meral Balcı

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Environmental and Resources Law (Other)

Journal:

İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.81 Issue 3, pp.773-815

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001315861

pISSN:

2636-7734