New Searches for Talfīq in 19th and 20th Century Cairo

Burak Ergin

Article Details

New Searches for Talfīq in 19th and 20th Century Cairo

Authors:

Burak Ergin

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 47, pp.207-235

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291554

pISSN:

2146-9806

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, many books and treatises dealing with talfīq were written, and many fatwās were issued in parallel. Although the majority of the scholars were against talfīq between the 17-18th centuries, this strong opposition was broken in the last quarter of the 19th century, and some of the scholars living in this period argued that talfīq was permissible. On the other hand, there are also jurists who opposed to talfīq. One of the main references of the jurists who do not accept talfīq on this subject is the views of scholars who are against talfīq in previous centuries. In this half-century period, one of the main reasons for the discussions about talfīq is whether or not one can benefit from it in the codification of Islamic Law. Indeed, the issue of copyright was brought to the agenda during the preparation process, and amendment of Majalla, and this issue was discussed in the draft laws prepared on family law. Especially some prominent scholars of the period, such as Elmalılı Hamdi Efendi, stated that new laws could be made by making talfīq by staying within the tradition of fiqh instead of taking laws from the West. Likewise, in a document criticising Majalla, it was emphasized that talfīq should be used. These discussions about talfīq took place in Istanbul as well as in other important centres of the Islamic world, such as Damascus and Cairo.

 In the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, many books and treatises dealing with talfīq were written, and many fatwās were issued in parallel. Although the majority of the scholars were against talfīq between the 17-18th centuries, this strong opposition was broken in the last quarter of the 19th century, and some of the scholars living in this period argued that talfīq was permissible. On the other hand, there are also jurists who opposed to talfīq. One of the main references of the jurists who do not accept talfīq on this subject is the views of scholars who are against talfīq in previous centuries. In this half-century period, one of the main reasons for the discussions about talfīq is whether or not one can benefit from it in the codification of Islamic Law. Indeed, the issue of copyright was brought to the agenda during the preparation process, and amendment of Majalla, and this issue was discussed in the draft laws prepared on family law. Especially some prominent scholars of the period, such as Elmalılı Hamdi Efendi, stated that new laws could be made by making talfīq by staying within the tradition of fiqh instead of taking laws from the West. Likewise, in a document criticising Majalla, it was emphasized that talfīq should be used. These discussions about talfīq took place in Istanbul as well as in other important centres of the Islamic world, such as Damascus and Cairo.

 In the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, many books and treatises dealing with talfīq were written, and many fatwās were issued in parallel. Although the majority of the scholars were against talfīq between the 17-18th centuries, this strong opposition was broken in the last quarter of the 19th century, and some of the scholars living in this period argued that talfīq was permissible. On the other hand, there are also jurists who opposed to talfīq. One of the main references of the jurists who do not accept talfīq on this subject is the views of scholars who are against talfīq in previous centuries. In this half-century period, one of the main reasons for the discussions about talfīq is whether or not one can benefit from it in the codification of Islamic Law. Indeed, the issue of copyright was brought to the agenda during the preparation process, and amendment of Majalla, and this issue was discussed in the draft laws prepared on family law. Especially some prominent scholars of the period, such as Elmalılı Hamdi Efendi, stated that new laws could be made by making talfīq by staying within the tradition of fiqh instead of taking laws from the West. Likewise, in a document criticising Majalla, it was emphasized that talfīq should be used. These discussions about talfīq took place in Istanbul as well as in other important centres of the Islamic world, such as Damascus and Cairo.

 19. yüzyılın son çeyreği ile 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde telfik meselesini ele alan birçok kitap ile risale kaleme alınmış ve pek çok fetva verilmiştir. 17-18. yüzyılları arasında ulemanın çoğun-luğu telfike karşı olmasına rağmen bu kuvvetli muhalefet 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde kırılmış, bu dönemde yaşayan âlimlerin bir kısmı telfikin caiz olduğunu savunmuşlardır. Buna karşın telfike karşı çıkan fakihler de vardır. Telfiki kabul etmeyen fakihlerin bu konudaki temel referanslarından birisi önceki asırlardaki telfik karşıtı âlimlerin görüşleridir. Bu yarım asırlık dö-nemde telfik tartışmalarının temel sebeplerinden birisi fıkhın kanunlaştırılmasında telfikten yararlanıp yararlanılamayacağıdır. Nitekim Mecellenin hazırlanış süreci ve tadilinde telfik konusu gündeme geldiği gibi aile hukukuna dair hazırlanan kanun taslaklarında da bu konu tartışılmıştır. Özellikle Elmalılı Hamdi gibi bazı âlimler Batıdan kanunlar alınması yerine fıkıh geleneği içerisine kalarak telfik yapılması suretiyle yeni kanunların yapılabileceğini ifade etmiştir. Telfikle ilgili bu tartışmalar İstanbulda yapıldığı gibi Şam ve Kahire gibi İslam dün-yasının diğer önemli merkezlerinde de cereyan etmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda 19. yüzyılın son çeyreği ile 20 yüzyılın ilk çeyreği arasında Kahirede cereyan eden telfik tartışmaları ele alına-caktır. Zira Kahirede telfikle ilgili eserler telif edildiği gibi fetvalar verilmiş ve dönemin önde gelen fakihleri bu konuyu farklı açılardan irdelemişlerdir. Makalenin temel amacı 17-18. yüzyılları arasında telfike karşı çok güçlü bir muhalefet olmasına rağmen bu muhalefetin kırılmasının ardındaki temel sebebi irdelemektir.

Article Details

New Searches for Talfīq in 19th and 20th Century Cairo

Authors:

Burak Ergin

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 47, pp.207-235

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291554

pISSN:

2146-9806

Islamic Jurisprudence

Talfīq

Cairo

Cairo

19th and 20th Century

Codification.Fıkıh

Telfik

Kahire

19.-20. Yüzyıl

Kanunlaştırma.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Burak Ergin

Publisher: Sakarya University

Journal: Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 47, pp.207-235

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001291554

pISSN: 2146-9806

Issues

Authors:

Burak Ergin

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 47, pp.207-235

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291554

pISSN:

2146-9806