THE RETURN DREAM OF PEOPLE DEEMED WORTHLESS: SHAME AND REVENGE IN ORHAN KEMAL'S WORKS

İsmail Alperen Biçer

Article Details

THE RETURN DREAM OF PEOPLE DEEMED WORTHLESS: SHAME AND REVENGE IN ORHAN KEMAL'S WORKS

Authors:

İsmail Alperen Biçer

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Sahası Yeni Türk Edebiyatı

Journal:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 8, pp.63-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294474

pISSN:

2687-6175

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The stories and novels of Orhan Kemal, one of the socialist realist writers, are also worth considering in terms of shame and revenge. In this article, in which descriptive analysis method is used and René Girards triangular desire model is applied, the literary texts of the author based on narration are read with a focus on the concepts of shame and revenge. In addition to the causes and qualities of these emotional forms, the identity of the embarrassing subject is emphasized. In the fictional worlds Orhan Kemal built, people are often ashamed of their poverty and helplessness. However, there are also people who are ashamed of their physical appearance and the behaviors of family members that do not comply with social moral norms. In Orhan Kemals words, these little people seek various salvation ways to reverse the current situation. These people see leaving as a way out of their painful and humiliating situation. Especially when they go to Istanbul, everything will turn upside down; they will overcome the poverty that makes them helpless, they will gain money and therefore reputation. When they come back, their friends, neighbors and every member of the society will be surprised, who once saw themselves as shameful and worthless; they will also taste the pleasure of taking revenge. However, the desire of these little people to leave, their escapesalvation plans and their magnificent return remain unrealized visions and dreams. In addition, Orhan Kemal does not idealize people who struggle with poverty and have to do many things in this struggle; it does not present a pure victim to the reader. As a realist writer, Orhan Kemal comprehends all aspects of his characters as an individual; does not hide their weaknesses and contradictions from the reader.

 The stories and novels of Orhan Kemal, one of the socialist realist writers, are also worth considering in terms of shame and revenge. In this article, in which descriptive analysis method is used and René Girards triangular desire model is applied, the literary texts of the author based on narration are read with a focus on the concepts of shame and revenge. In addition to the causes and qualities of these emotional forms, the identity of the embarrassing subject is emphasized. In the fictional worlds Orhan Kemal built, people are often ashamed of their poverty and helplessness. However, there are also people who are ashamed of their physical appearance and the behaviors of family members that do not comply with social moral norms. In Orhan Kemals words, these little people seek various salvation ways to reverse the current situation. These people see leaving as a way out of their painful and humiliating situation. Especially when they go to Istanbul, everything will turn upside down; they will overcome the poverty that makes them helpless, they will gain money and therefore reputation. When they come back, their friends, neighbors and every member of the society will be surprised, who once saw themselves as shameful and worthless; they will also taste the pleasure of taking revenge. However, the desire of these little people to leave, their escapesalvation plans and their magnificent return remain unrealized visions and dreams. In addition, Orhan Kemal does not idealize people who struggle with poverty and have to do many things in this struggle; it does not present a pure victim to the reader. As a realist writer, Orhan Kemal comprehends all aspects of his characters as an individual; does not hide their weaknesses and contradictions from the reader.

 The stories and novels of Orhan Kemal, one of the socialist realist writers, are also worth considering in terms of shame and revenge. In this article, in which descriptive analysis method is used and René Girards triangular desire model is applied, the literary texts of the author based on narration are read with a focus on the concepts of shame and revenge. In addition to the causes and qualities of these emotional forms, the identity of the embarrassing subject is emphasized. In the fictional worlds Orhan Kemal built, people are often ashamed of their poverty and helplessness. However, there are also people who are ashamed of their physical appearance and the behaviors of family members that do not comply with social moral norms. In Orhan Kemals words, these little people seek various salvation ways to reverse the current situation. These people see leaving as a way out of their painful and humiliating situation. Especially when they go to Istanbul, everything will turn upside down; they will overcome the poverty that makes them helpless, they will gain money and therefore reputation. When they come back, their friends, neighbors and every member of the society will be surprised, who once saw themselves as shameful and worthless; they will also taste the pleasure of taking revenge. However, the desire of these little people to leave, their escapesalvation plans and their magnificent return remain unrealized visions and dreams. In addition, Orhan Kemal does not idealize people who struggle with poverty and have to do many things in this struggle; it does not present a pure victim to the reader. As a realist writer, Orhan Kemal comprehends all aspects of his characters as an individual; does not hide their weaknesses and contradictions from the reader.

 Toplumcu gerçekçi yazarlardan Orhan Kemalin hikâye ve romanları utanç ve intikam bakımından da ele alınmaya değer metinlerdir. Betimsel analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı ve René Girardın üçgen arzu modelinin uygulandığı bu makalede yazarın anlatma esasına dayalı edebî metinleri, utanç ve intikam kavramlarına yoğunlaşan bir dikkatle okunmakta; bu duygu biçimlerinin sebepleri ve mahiyetlerinin yanı sıra utandıran öznenin kimliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Orhan Kemalin inşa ettiği kurmaca dünyalarda kişiler, genellikle yoksulluklarından ve çaresizliklerinden utanırlar; bununla beraber fiziksel görünümlerinden ve aile üyelerinin toplumsal ahlak normlarına uymayan davranışlarından utanan kişiler de görülür. Orhan Kemalin ifadesiyle bu küçük insanlar, mevcut durumu tersine çevirmek için türlü kurtuluş yolları ararlar. Bu kişiler, çekip gitmeyi içinde bulundukları acı verici ve gurur kırıcı durumdan kurtulmanın yolu olarak görürler. Bilhassa İstanbula gittiklerinde her şey tersine dönecek; kendilerini çaresiz bırakan yoksulluğu yenecekler, para ve dolayısıyla itibar kazanacaklardır. Geri geldiklerinde ise vaktiyle kendilerini utandıran ve değersiz gören arkadaşları, komşuları, toplumun her bir ferdi şaşıracak; onlar da intikam almanın hazzını tadacaklardır. Ancak bu küçük insanların çekip gitme istekleri, kaçışkurtuluş planları ve muhteşem dönüşleri gerçekleşmeyen birer tasavvur, hayal olarak kalır. Ayrıca Orhan Kemal, yoksullukla mücadele eden ve bu mücadelede pek çok şey yapmak zorunda kalan insanları idealize etmez; okurun karşısına saf bir mağdur çıkarmaz. Realist bir yazar olarak Orhan Kemal, karakterlerini bir birey olarak tüm yönleriyle kavrar; onların zaaflarını ve çelişkilerini okurdan gizlemez.

Article Details

THE RETURN DREAM OF PEOPLE DEEMED WORTHLESS: SHAME AND REVENGE IN ORHAN KEMAL'S WORKS

Authors:

İsmail Alperen Biçer

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Sahası Yeni Türk Edebiyatı

Journal:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 8, pp.63-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294474

pISSN:

2687-6175

Orhan Kemal

Poverty

Shame

Embarrassment

Desire

Imagination

RevengeRoman

Hikâye

Orhan Kemal

Yoksulluk

Utanç

Utanma

Hayal

İntikam.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: İsmail Alperen Biçer

Publisher: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics: Türkiye Sahası Yeni Türk Edebiyatı

Journal: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 8, pp.63-73

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294474

pISSN: 2687-6175

Issues

Authors:

İsmail Alperen Biçer

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Sahası Yeni Türk Edebiyatı

Journal:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 8, pp.63-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294474

pISSN:

2687-6175