Willpower Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Ferhat Kardaş

Article Details

Willpower Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Authors:

Ferhat Kardaş

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 65, pp.304-320

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358247

pISSN:

1301-0085

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This study aims to develop a willpower scale. The concept of willpower is considered an umbrella concept reflecting various variables such as delay of gratification, self-control, self-discipline, self-regulation, and perseverance. In the scale development process, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and prepared an item pool. After the field and language experts examined this item pool, we created a pilot form and applied this form to a group of 100 participants. After the pilot application, we prepared the final application form and it to two different groups of 518 participants in total. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a four-dimensional structure consisting of 25 items was obtained. The structure of the scale was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that the goodness of fit values were satisfactory. We examined the reliability of the scale with Cronbachs Alpha internal consistency and calculated this value as .91 for the total scale. For similar scale and discriminant criterion validity, we used grit, self-control, self-management and general procrastination variables and found that the scales fit and discrimination values were also sufficient. The test-retest reliability of the scale was also examined in a group of 49 participants, and it was revealed that the measurements carried out in two-week intervals yielded reliable results r.71, p.05. Consequently, the Willpower scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the literature.

 This study aims to develop a willpower scale. The concept of willpower is considered an umbrella concept reflecting various variables such as delay of gratification, self-control, self-discipline, self-regulation, and perseverance. In the scale development process, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and prepared an item pool. After the field and language experts examined this item pool, we created a pilot form and applied this form to a group of 100 participants. After the pilot application, we prepared the final application form and it to two different groups of 518 participants in total. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a four-dimensional structure consisting of 25 items was obtained. The structure of the scale was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that the goodness of fit values were satisfactory. We examined the reliability of the scale with Cronbachs Alpha internal consistency and calculated this value as .91 for the total scale. For similar scale and discriminant criterion validity, we used grit, self-control, self-management and general procrastination variables and found that the scales fit and discrimination values were also sufficient. The test-retest reliability of the scale was also examined in a group of 49 participants, and it was revealed that the measurements carried out in two-week intervals yielded reliable results r.71, p.05. Consequently, the Willpower scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the literature.

 This study aims to develop a willpower scale. The concept of willpower is considered an umbrella concept reflecting various variables such as delay of gratification, self-control, self-discipline, self-regulation, and perseverance. In the scale development process, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and prepared an item pool. After the field and language experts examined this item pool, we created a pilot form and applied this form to a group of 100 participants. After the pilot application, we prepared the final application form and it to two different groups of 518 participants in total. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a four-dimensional structure consisting of 25 items was obtained. The structure of the scale was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that the goodness of fit values were satisfactory. We examined the reliability of the scale with Cronbachs Alpha internal consistency and calculated this value as .91 for the total scale. For similar scale and discriminant criterion validity, we used grit, self-control, self-management and general procrastination variables and found that the scales fit and discrimination values were also sufficient. The test-retest reliability of the scale was also examined in a group of 49 participants, and it was revealed that the measurements carried out in two-week intervals yielded reliable results r.71, p.05. Consequently, the Willpower scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the literature.

 Bu çalışmada irade gücü ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. İrade kavramı bu çalışma çerçevesinde haz erteleme, öz-kontrol, öz-disiplin, öz-düzenleme, azim gibi çeşitli değişkenleri yansıtan çatı bir kavram olarak ele alınmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde öncelikle kapsamlı bir alanyazın taraması yapılmış ve bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Bu madde havuzu alan ve dil uzmanları tarafından incelendikten sonra pilot form oluşturulmuş ve 100 kişilik bir gruba uygulanmıştır. Pilot uygulamadan sonra ölçeğin asıl uygulama formu hazırlanmış ve toplamda 518 kişiden oluşan iki farklı gruba uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 25 maddeden oluşan dört boyutlu bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin ortaya konulan yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiş ve uyum iyiliği değerlerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve bu değer ölçeğin toplamı için .91 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benzer ölçek ve ayırt edici ölçüt geçerliği için azim, öz-kontrol, öz-yönetim ve genel erteleme değişkenleri kullanılmış ve ölçeğin uyum ve ayırt edicilik değerlerinin de yeterli olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Ölçeğin test-tekrar test güvenirliği de 49 kişilik bir grup üzerinde incelenmiş ve iki hafta arayla yapılan ölçümlerin de güvenilir sonuç verdiği r.71, p.05 ortaya konulmuştur. Buna göre İrade Gücü ölçeği alanyazında geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabilir.

Article Details

Willpower Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Authors:

Ferhat Kardaş

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 65, pp.304-320

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358247

pISSN:

1301-0085

Will

Willpower

Self-control

Willpower Scale

Delay Gratificationİrade

İrade Gücü

Öz-kontrol

İrade Ölçeği

Haz Erteleme

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ferhat Kardaş

Publisher: Pamukkale University

Main Topics: Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 65, pp.304-320

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001358247

pISSN: 1301-0085

Issues

Authors:

Ferhat Kardaş

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 65, pp.304-320

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358247

pISSN:

1301-0085