A New Perspective on the Origins of Yusuf Adil Shah, Founder and First Ruler of the Adil Shahi Sultanate

Cihan Oruç

Article Details

A New Perspective on the Origins of Yusuf Adil Shah, Founder and First Ruler of the Adil Shahi Sultanate

Authors:

Cihan Oruç

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.25-45

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324403

pISSN:

2651-3188

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The Adil Shahi Sultanate was an important state founded in 1489 by Yusuf Adil Shah in the Deccan region of India, centered in Vijayapura. The sultanate witnessed eight different rulers until it was destroyed by the army of Babur in 1686. Some researchers generally base their studies on Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shahs work titled Ferishtahs History of Deccan, which is one of the main sources for this sultanate. According to researchers and based on this resource, Yusuf was the son of the Ottoman ruler Murad II. However, other claims about Yusufs lineage appear to have not been included in these studies. Thus, these academic studies can be said to be methodologically incomplete or insufficient. In fact, Fuzuni Astarabadi was another author to write about the sultanate and attributed Yusufs origins to the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent in his work titled Futuhat-i-Adil Shahi. Another author, Rafiuddin Ibrahim Shirazi, wrote Tazkirat ul-Muluk, in which he attributed Yusufs origins to the Aq Qoyunlu Sultan Uzun Hasan. The novel claims about Yusufs origins in these works that researchers have ignored necessitate an examination of the issue in full detail. This study analyzes each of these claims by making use of Ottoman and Aq Qkoyunlu chronicles. As a result, the research reveals that the accuracy of these allegations should be questioned. The authors who put forward these claims are assumed to have aimed to strengthen the legitimacy of the sultan of the period due to their own interests or the political circumstances of the sultanate. In this context, the current study has focused on the question of who Yusuf Adil Shah was. As a result, the research has concluded him to have been an ordinary Turk who belonged to the Shiite sect and whod originally migrated from the city of Save in Iran to the Bahmani lands. The obtained findings provide an important new perspective on Yusufs lineage that researchers should take into account.

 The Adil Shahi Sultanate was an important state founded in 1489 by Yusuf Adil Shah in the Deccan region of India, centered in Vijayapura. The sultanate witnessed eight different rulers until it was destroyed by the army of Babur in 1686. Some researchers generally base their studies on Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shahs work titled Ferishtahs History of Deccan, which is one of the main sources for this sultanate. According to researchers and based on this resource, Yusuf was the son of the Ottoman ruler Murad II. However, other claims about Yusufs lineage appear to have not been included in these studies. Thus, these academic studies can be said to be methodologically incomplete or insufficient. In fact, Fuzuni Astarabadi was another author to write about the sultanate and attributed Yusufs origins to the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent in his work titled Futuhat-i-Adil Shahi. Another author, Rafiuddin Ibrahim Shirazi, wrote Tazkirat ul-Muluk, in which he attributed Yusufs origins to the Aq Qoyunlu Sultan Uzun Hasan. The novel claims about Yusufs origins in these works that researchers have ignored necessitate an examination of the issue in full detail. This study analyzes each of these claims by making use of Ottoman and Aq Qkoyunlu chronicles. As a result, the research reveals that the accuracy of these allegations should be questioned. The authors who put forward these claims are assumed to have aimed to strengthen the legitimacy of the sultan of the period due to their own interests or the political circumstances of the sultanate. In this context, the current study has focused on the question of who Yusuf Adil Shah was. As a result, the research has concluded him to have been an ordinary Turk who belonged to the Shiite sect and whod originally migrated from the city of Save in Iran to the Bahmani lands. The obtained findings provide an important new perspective on Yusufs lineage that researchers should take into account.

 The Adil Shahi Sultanate was an important state founded in 1489 by Yusuf Adil Shah in the Deccan region of India, centered in Vijayapura. The sultanate witnessed eight different rulers until it was destroyed by the army of Babur in 1686. Some researchers generally base their studies on Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shahs work titled Ferishtahs History of Deccan, which is one of the main sources for this sultanate. According to researchers and based on this resource, Yusuf was the son of the Ottoman ruler Murad II. However, other claims about Yusufs lineage appear to have not been included in these studies. Thus, these academic studies can be said to be methodologically incomplete or insufficient. In fact, Fuzuni Astarabadi was another author to write about the sultanate and attributed Yusufs origins to the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent in his work titled Futuhat-i-Adil Shahi. Another author, Rafiuddin Ibrahim Shirazi, wrote Tazkirat ul-Muluk, in which he attributed Yusufs origins to the Aq Qoyunlu Sultan Uzun Hasan. The novel claims about Yusufs origins in these works that researchers have ignored necessitate an examination of the issue in full detail. This study analyzes each of these claims by making use of Ottoman and Aq Qkoyunlu chronicles. As a result, the research reveals that the accuracy of these allegations should be questioned. The authors who put forward these claims are assumed to have aimed to strengthen the legitimacy of the sultan of the period due to their own interests or the political circumstances of the sultanate. In this context, the current study has focused on the question of who Yusuf Adil Shah was. As a result, the research has concluded him to have been an ordinary Turk who belonged to the Shiite sect and whod originally migrated from the city of Save in Iran to the Bahmani lands. The obtained findings provide an important new perspective on Yusufs lineage that researchers should take into account.

 Âdilşâhîler Sultanlığı, 1489 yılında Yusuf Âdilşâh tarafından merkezi Bicapur olmak üzere Hindistanın Dekken bölgesinde kurulmuş önemli bir devlettir. Sultanlık, Bâbürlü ordusu tarafından 1686 yılında yıkılıncaya kadar sekiz farklı hükümdar dönemine tanıklık etmiştir. Bazı araştırmacılar, çalışmalarında genellikle sultanlığın temel kaynaklarından biri olan Muhammed Kâsım Hindûşâhın Tarih-i Firişte adlı eserine dayanarak Yusufun, Osmanlı hükümdarı II. Muradın oğlu olduğunu belirtmektedirler. Ancak bu çalışmalarda, Yusufun soyuna dair diğer iddialara yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Böylelikle söz konusu akademik çalışmaların metodolojik açıdan eksik olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Nitekim, sultanlığın müelliflerinden Fuzûnî Astarabadî, Fütühat-ı Âdilşâhî adlı eserinde Yusufun kökenini Osmanlı hükümdarı Kanuni Sultan Süleymana dayandırmaktadır. Bir başka müellif Refîüddîn Şîrâzî ise Tezkiretül-mülûk adlı eserinde Yusufun kökenini Akkoyunlu sultanı Uzun Hasana dayandırmaktadır. Araştırmacıların göz ardı ettiği bahsi geçen eserlerdeki Yusufun kökeni hakkındaki yeni iddialar, bu konunun tüm ayrıntılarıyla incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu iddiaların tamamı, Osmanlı ve Akkoyunlu vakayinamelerinden yararlanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma neticesinde, bu iddiaların doğruluğunun sorgulanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Söz konusu iddiaları öne süren müelliflerin, kendi çıkarları veya sultanlığın siyasi koşulları nedeniyle devrin sultanının meşruiyetini güçlendirmeyi amaçladıkları düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Yusuf Âdilşâhın kim olduğu sorusuna cevap aranmış ve onun aslen İranın Save şehrinden Behmenî topraklarına göç etmiş, Şii mezhebine mensup sıradan bir Türk olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ulaştığımız bulgular, Yusufun soyuna dair araştırmacıların dikkate alması gereken yeni ve önemli bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.

Article Details

A New Perspective on the Origins of Yusuf Adil Shah, Founder and First Ruler of the Adil Shahi Sultanate

Authors:

Cihan Oruç

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.25-45

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324403

pISSN:

2651-3188

Yusuf Adil Shah’s lineage

Adil Shahi Sultanate

Ferishtah’s History of Deccan

Futuhat-i-Adil Shahi

Tazkirat ul-MulukYusuf Âdilşâh’ın kökeni

Âdilşâhîler Sultanlığı

Tarih-i Firişte

Fütühat-ı Âdilşâhî

Tezkiretü’l-mülûk

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Cihan Oruç

Publisher: Istanbul University

Main Topics: Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal: Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.25-45

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324403

pISSN: 2651-3188

Issues

Authors:

Cihan Oruç

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.34 Issue 1, pp.25-45

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324403

pISSN:

2651-3188