The Perception of Mustafa Kemal Pasha-Enver Pasha Conflict in the French Public Opinion during the National Struggle Period

Mustafa Kırışman

Article Details

The Perception of Mustafa Kemal Pasha-Enver Pasha Conflict in the French Public Opinion during the National Struggle Period

Authors:

Mustafa Kırışman

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Issue 44, pp.153-179

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311803

pISSN:

1304-9720

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Enver Pasha was a critical figure who had a say in the fate of the country by simultaneously assuming the duties of the Chief of Military Affairs, Minister of War and Deputy Commander-in-Chief in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. As the Ottoman Empire was on the defeated side at the end of the war, Enver Pasha and his entourage left the country on November 1, 1918. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919, initiated the period of congresses in Anatolia and The National Struggle Movement emerged at the end of this process. The years 1920-1921 coincided with the period when the critical phases of the National Struggle occurred, France was the occupier in Antep and its surroundings, and Enver Pasha was in search of a new struggle. Enver Pashas activities abroad and his idea of moving to Anatolia caused tension between him and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The French, on the one hand, tried to understand the level of the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha and whether they acted together or not. France, as an occupying country in Antep and its surroundings, needed to develop a new policy on Türkiye. This study tries to reveal how the French public understood the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha.

 Enver Pasha was a critical figure who had a say in the fate of the country by simultaneously assuming the duties of the Chief of Military Affairs, Minister of War and Deputy Commander-in-Chief in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. As the Ottoman Empire was on the defeated side at the end of the war, Enver Pasha and his entourage left the country on November 1, 1918. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919, initiated the period of congresses in Anatolia and The National Struggle Movement emerged at the end of this process. The years 1920-1921 coincided with the period when the critical phases of the National Struggle occurred, France was the occupier in Antep and its surroundings, and Enver Pasha was in search of a new struggle. Enver Pashas activities abroad and his idea of moving to Anatolia caused tension between him and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The French, on the one hand, tried to understand the level of the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha and whether they acted together or not. France, as an occupying country in Antep and its surroundings, needed to develop a new policy on Türkiye. This study tries to reveal how the French public understood the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha.

 Enver Pasha was a critical figure who had a say in the fate of the country by simultaneously assuming the duties of the Chief of Military Affairs, Minister of War and Deputy Commander-in-Chief in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. As the Ottoman Empire was on the defeated side at the end of the war, Enver Pasha and his entourage left the country on November 1, 1918. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who set foot in Samsun on May 19, 1919, initiated the period of congresses in Anatolia and The National Struggle Movement emerged at the end of this process. The years 1920-1921 coincided with the period when the critical phases of the National Struggle occurred, France was the occupier in Antep and its surroundings, and Enver Pasha was in search of a new struggle. Enver Pashas activities abroad and his idea of moving to Anatolia caused tension between him and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The French, on the one hand, tried to understand the level of the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha and whether they acted together or not. France, as an occupying country in Antep and its surroundings, needed to develop a new policy on Türkiye. This study tries to reveal how the French public understood the relationship between Mustafa Kemal Pasha and Enver Pasha.

 Enver Paşa, Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Osmanlı Devletinde Erkan-ı Harbiye Reisliği, Harbiye Nazırlığı ve Başkumandan Vekilliği görevlerini aynı anda üstlenerek ülkenin kaderinde söz sahibi olmuş önemli bir şahsiyetti. Osmanlı Devletinin savaş bitiminde yenilen tarafta yer alması üzerine Enver Paşa ve beraberindekiler 1 Kasım 1918 tarihinde ülkeyi terk etmişlerdi. 19 Mayıs 1919da Samsuna ayak basan Mustafa Kemal Paşa Anadoluda kongreler dönemini başlatmış; bu sürecin sonunda Millî Mücadele Hareketi vücut bulmuştu. 1920- 1921 yılları hem Millî Mücadelenin kritik safhalarının yaşandığı, hem Fransanın Antep ve çevresinde işgalci konumunda olduğu, hem de Enver Paşanın yeni bir mücadele arayışına girdiği döneme denk gelmiştir. Enver Paşanın yurtdışındaki faaliyetleri ve Anadoluya geçmeye yönelik düşüncesi, Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile arasında gerilime yol açmıştır. Fransızlar ise Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile Enver Paşa arasındaki ilişkinin ne düzeyde olduğunu, ortak hareket edip etmediklerini anlamaya çalışmışlardır. Zira Fransa, Antep ve çevresinde işgalci konumda olan bir ülke olarak Türkiye üzerinde yeni bir siyasa geliştirme ihtiyacına girecektir. Bu çalışma, Fransız kamuoyunun Mustafa Kemal Paşa ile Enver Paşa arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl kavradığını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

Article Details

The Perception of Mustafa Kemal Pasha-Enver Pasha Conflict in the French Public Opinion during the National Struggle Period

Authors:

Mustafa Kırışman

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Issue 44, pp.153-179

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311803

pISSN:

1304-9720

The Ankara Government

Mustafa Kemal Pasha

Enver Pasha

France

Press

Public OpinionAnkara Hükümeti

Mustafa Kemal Paşa

Enver Paşa

Fransa

Basın

Kamuoyu

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Mustafa Kırışman

Publisher: Istanbul University

Main Topics: Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal: Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Issue 44, pp.153-179

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311803

pISSN: 1304-9720

Issues

Authors:

Mustafa Kırışman

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları Issue 44, pp.153-179

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311803

pISSN:

1304-9720