An Evaluation of the Legal Nature and Characteristics of the Mortgage Contract

Eray Aksın Atar

Article Details

An Evaluation of the Legal Nature and Characteristics of the Mortgage Contract

Authors:

Eray Aksın Atar

Publisher:

Süleyman Demirel University

Main Topics:

Mülkiyet Hukuku (Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku hariç)

Journal:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1483-1515

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334686

pISSN:

2146-7129

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Some of the contracts are called Civil Code contracts in the doctrine. The contract on the establishment of the right of a mortgage is one of the Civil Code contracts. A mortgage contract can be defined as a contract that can be established in a formal form, imposes debt on one party, is immediate, named, and creates a typical debt. This definition of the mortgage contract will bring some legal consequences. A mortgage contract is a contract that creates debt. The legal transaction arising from the mortgage contract is like a debiting transaction. This transaction is relative and, as a rule, can only be claimed against the party to the contract. Another consequence of being a relative debt is that the right to demand a mortgage is subject to a statute of limitations. Since the mortgage contract is a contract that is regulated by law and frequently used in practice, it is a typical contract. It is an immediate performance contract. It is a contract that imposes a debt on one party unless otherwise agreed, that one of the parties in the mortgage contract is obliged to establish the right of mortgage in favor of the creditor and that the creditor has the right to demand the establishment of the right of a mortgage. As a rule, a mortgage contract is a formal contract. The objective and subjective essential points in the content of the mortgage agreement must be included in the official form.

 Some of the contracts are called Civil Code contracts in the doctrine. The contract on the establishment of the right of a mortgage is one of the Civil Code contracts. A mortgage contract can be defined as a contract that can be established in a formal form, imposes debt on one party, is immediate, named, and creates a typical debt. This definition of the mortgage contract will bring some legal consequences. A mortgage contract is a contract that creates debt. The legal transaction arising from the mortgage contract is like a debiting transaction. This transaction is relative and, as a rule, can only be claimed against the party to the contract. Another consequence of being a relative debt is that the right to demand a mortgage is subject to a statute of limitations. Since the mortgage contract is a contract that is regulated by law and frequently used in practice, it is a typical contract. It is an immediate performance contract. It is a contract that imposes a debt on one party unless otherwise agreed, that one of the parties in the mortgage contract is obliged to establish the right of mortgage in favor of the creditor and that the creditor has the right to demand the establishment of the right of a mortgage. As a rule, a mortgage contract is a formal contract. The objective and subjective essential points in the content of the mortgage agreement must be included in the official form.

 Some of the contracts are called Civil Code contracts in the doctrine. The contract on the establishment of the right of a mortgage is one of the Civil Code contracts. A mortgage contract can be defined as a contract that can be established in a formal form, imposes debt on one party, is immediate, named, and creates a typical debt. This definition of the mortgage contract will bring some legal consequences. A mortgage contract is a contract that creates debt. The legal transaction arising from the mortgage contract is like a debiting transaction. This transaction is relative and, as a rule, can only be claimed against the party to the contract. Another consequence of being a relative debt is that the right to demand a mortgage is subject to a statute of limitations. Since the mortgage contract is a contract that is regulated by law and frequently used in practice, it is a typical contract. It is an immediate performance contract. It is a contract that imposes a debt on one party unless otherwise agreed, that one of the parties in the mortgage contract is obliged to establish the right of mortgage in favor of the creditor and that the creditor has the right to demand the establishment of the right of a mortgage. As a rule, a mortgage contract is a formal contract. The objective and subjective essential points in the content of the mortgage agreement must be included in the official form.

 Sözleşmelere ilişkin düzenlemelerden bir kısmı Türk Medeni Kanunu içerisinde düzenlenmiştir ve bu sözleşmeler öğretide Medeni Kanun sözleşmeleri olarak adlandırılmaktadır. İpotek hakkının kurulmasına ilişkin sözleşme de Medeni Kanun sözleşmelerinden biridir. İpotek sözleşmesi, resmi şekle tabi olarak kurulabilen, tek tarafa borç yükleyen, ani edimli, isimli ve tipik bir borç doğuran sözleşme olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu tanım ipotek sözleşmesinin hukuki niteliği ve karakteristiğini ortaya koymaktadır. İpotek sözleşmesine dair yapmış olduğumuz bu tanım bazı hukuki sonuçları da beraberinde getirir. Öncelikle ipotek sözleşmesi borç doğuran bir sözleşmedir. İpotek sözleşmesinden kaynaklanan hukuki işlem borçlandırıcı işlem niteliğindedir. Bu işlem nisbi niteliktedir ve kural olarak yalnızca sözleşmenin tarafına karşı ileri sürülebilir. Nisbi nitelikte olmasının diğer bir sonucu da ipotek kurmayı talep etme hakkının zamanaşımına tabi olmasıdır. İpotek sözleşmesi kanunda düzenlenmiş ve uygulamada sıklıkla başvurulan bir sözleşme olduğundan isimli ve tipik bir sözleşmedir. İpotek sözleşmesi ani edimli bir sözleşmedir. İpotek sözleşmesinde, taşınmaz üzerindeki ipotek hakkının malik tarafından tapu siciline tescil edilmesiyle birlikte borçlunun borcu sona ermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle ipotek sözleşmesinde belirlenen ipotek bedelinin ayrıca bir uyarlama davasına konu edilemeyeceği söylenebilir. İpotek sözleşmesinde taraflardan biri ipotek hakkını alacaklı lehine kurma borcu altına girer ve alacaklı da ipotek hakkının kurulmasını talep etme hakkına sahip olur. Bu kapsamda aksi kararlaştırılmadığı takdirde ipotek sözleşmesi tek tarafa borç yükleyen bir sözleşmedir. İpotek sözleşmesi kural olarak resmi şekle tabi bir sözleşmedir. İpotek sözleşmesinin içeriğinde yer alan objektif ve sübjektif esaslı noktaların resmi şekil kapsamında yer alması gerekir.

Article Details

An Evaluation of the Legal Nature and Characteristics of the Mortgage Contract

Authors:

Eray Aksın Atar

Publisher:

Süleyman Demirel University

Main Topics:

Mülkiyet Hukuku (Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku hariç)

Journal:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1483-1515

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334686

pISSN:

2146-7129

Contractual hypothec

Hypothec right arising from contract

Hypothec

Form of contractual hypothec

Characterization of contractual hypothec

Mortgageİpotek Sözleşmesi

Sözleşmeden Doğan İpotek

İpotek

İpotek Sözleşmesinde Şekil

İpotek Sözleşmesinin Nitelendirilmesi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Eray Aksın Atar

Publisher: Süleyman Demirel University

Main Topics: Mülkiyet Hukuku (Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku hariç)

Journal: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1483-1515

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001334686

pISSN: 2146-7129

Issues

Authors:

Eray Aksın Atar

Publisher:

Süleyman Demirel University

Main Topics:

Mülkiyet Hukuku (Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku hariç)

Journal:

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.1483-1515

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001334686

pISSN:

2146-7129