INFLATION-RESISTING SANCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE DECREASE IN THE REAL VALUE OF THE JUDICIAL FINE REGULATED IN THE TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW

Çağrı Tuğşat Kemaloğlu

Article Details

INFLATION-RESISTING SANCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE DECREASE IN THE REAL VALUE OF THE JUDICIAL FINE REGULATED IN THE TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW

Authors:

Çağrı Tuğşat Kemaloğlu

Publisher:

Akdeniz University

Main Topics:

Ceza Hukuku | İdare Hukuku

Journal:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.913-933

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310294

pISSN:

2147-3854

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Since the entry into force of the Turkish Criminal Code TCC, which adopts the day-fine system, there has been no update in the lower and upper limits in Article 52, which regulates the judicial fine. However, the Turkish Lira has depreciated considerably as a result of the increase in inflation in recent years. Although the judicial fine is a type of sanction foreseen to prevent the possible drawbacks of imprisonment for less serious offenses, it would not be wrong to say that the dramatic decrease in the real value of the amount of the judicial fine for 1 day has caused the judicial fine to lose its effectiveness and deterrence over the years. It should be noted that the difference between the lower and upper limit of the judicial fine for 1 day is quite low. This makes it difficult to individualize the judicial fine and does not allow for a fair difference between the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with a high economic power and the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with low economic power. While the upper limit of the amount of judicial fine foreseen for 1 day in the TCC is 5 times the lower limit, it is 30.000 times in Germany, 1250 times in Austria, 300 times in Switzerland, among the countries whose legal regulations on judicial fines are the subject of our study. Although the amount of the final judicial fine also depends on the day element to be set, it is noteworthy that the gap between the lower and upper limits of the amount of judicial fine for 1 day in almost every country compared is quite wider in comparison to the TCC.

 Since the entry into force of the Turkish Criminal Code TCC, which adopts the day-fine system, there has been no update in the lower and upper limits in Article 52, which regulates the judicial fine. However, the Turkish Lira has depreciated considerably as a result of the increase in inflation in recent years. Although the judicial fine is a type of sanction foreseen to prevent the possible drawbacks of imprisonment for less serious offenses, it would not be wrong to say that the dramatic decrease in the real value of the amount of the judicial fine for 1 day has caused the judicial fine to lose its effectiveness and deterrence over the years. It should be noted that the difference between the lower and upper limit of the judicial fine for 1 day is quite low. This makes it difficult to individualize the judicial fine and does not allow for a fair difference between the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with a high economic power and the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with low economic power. While the upper limit of the amount of judicial fine foreseen for 1 day in the TCC is 5 times the lower limit, it is 30.000 times in Germany, 1250 times in Austria, 300 times in Switzerland, among the countries whose legal regulations on judicial fines are the subject of our study. Although the amount of the final judicial fine also depends on the day element to be set, it is noteworthy that the gap between the lower and upper limits of the amount of judicial fine for 1 day in almost every country compared is quite wider in comparison to the TCC.

 Since the entry into force of the Turkish Criminal Code TCC, which adopts the day-fine system, there has been no update in the lower and upper limits in Article 52, which regulates the judicial fine. However, the Turkish Lira has depreciated considerably as a result of the increase in inflation in recent years. Although the judicial fine is a type of sanction foreseen to prevent the possible drawbacks of imprisonment for less serious offenses, it would not be wrong to say that the dramatic decrease in the real value of the amount of the judicial fine for 1 day has caused the judicial fine to lose its effectiveness and deterrence over the years. It should be noted that the difference between the lower and upper limit of the judicial fine for 1 day is quite low. This makes it difficult to individualize the judicial fine and does not allow for a fair difference between the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with a high economic power and the judicial fine to be imposed against a perpetrator with low economic power. While the upper limit of the amount of judicial fine foreseen for 1 day in the TCC is 5 times the lower limit, it is 30.000 times in Germany, 1250 times in Austria, 300 times in Switzerland, among the countries whose legal regulations on judicial fines are the subject of our study. Although the amount of the final judicial fine also depends on the day element to be set, it is noteworthy that the gap between the lower and upper limits of the amount of judicial fine for 1 day in almost every country compared is quite wider in comparison to the TCC.

 Gün para cezası sistemini benimseyen Türk Ceza Kanununun TCK yürürlüğe girdiği tarihten günümüze kadar, adlî para cezasının düzenlendiği 52. maddedeki alt ve üst sınır miktarlarında herhangi bir güncelleme yapılmamıştır. Ülkemizde ise özellikle son yıllarda yaşanan enflasyon artışının bir sonucu olarak Türk Lirası oldukça fazla değer kaybetmiştir. Her ne kadar adlî para cezası daha hafif suçlar için hapis cezasının doğuracağı muhtemel sakıncaları önlemek için öngörülmüş bir yaptırım türü olsa da 1 gün karşılığı öngörülen adlî para cezası miktarının reel değerindeki dramatik düşüşün, yıllar içinde adlî para cezasının etkinliğini ve caydırıcılığını yitirmesine sebep olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. İfade etmek gerekir ki 1 gün karşılığı adlî para cezası miktarının alt ve üst sınırı arasındaki fark da oldukça düşüktür. Bu durum, adlî para cezasının bireyselleştirilmesini zorlaştırmakta, ekonomik gücü yüksek olan bir fail aleyhine hükmedilecek adlî para cezası ile ekonomik gücü düşük olan bir fail aleyhine hükmedilecek adlî para cezası arasında adil bir fark olmasına izin vermemektedir. TCKda 1 gün karşılığı öngörülen adlî para cezası miktarının üst sınırı alt sınırının 5 katı iken; adlî para cezasına ilişkin kanuni düzenlemeleri çalışmamıza konu olan ülkelerden Almanyada 30.000 katı, Avusturyada 1250 katı, İsviçrede 300 katıdır. Sonuç adlî para cezasının miktarı ayrıca tespit edilecek gün unsuruna bağlı olsa da karşılaştırma yapılan neredeyse her ülkedeki 1 gün karşılığı adlî para cezası miktarının alt ve üst sınırları arasındaki makas aralığının TCKya kıyasla oldukça geniş olması dikkat çekicidir.

Article Details

INFLATION-RESISTING SANCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE DECREASE IN THE REAL VALUE OF THE JUDICIAL FINE REGULATED IN THE TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW

Authors:

Çağrı Tuğşat Kemaloğlu

Publisher:

Akdeniz University

Main Topics:

Ceza Hukuku | İdare Hukuku

Journal:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.913-933

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310294

pISSN:

2147-3854

Judicial Fine

Day-fine System

Inflation

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Principle of LegalityAdlî Para Cezası

Gün Para Cezası Sistemi

Enflasyon

Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE)

Kanunilik İlkesi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Çağrı Tuğşat Kemaloğlu

Publisher: Akdeniz University

Main Topics: Ceza Hukuku | İdare Hukuku

Journal: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.913-933

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310294

pISSN: 2147-3854

Issues

Authors:

Çağrı Tuğşat Kemaloğlu

Publisher:

Akdeniz University

Main Topics:

Ceza Hukuku | İdare Hukuku

Journal:

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2 (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. Yılına Armağan), pp.913-933

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310294

pISSN:

2147-3854