The Position of Logic in Islamic Fiqh and its Relationship with Mujtahid

Ramazan Aksoy

Article Details

The Position of Logic in Islamic Fiqh and its Relationship with Mujtahid

Authors:

Ramazan Aksoy

Publisher:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Journal:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 6, pp.83-101

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291045

pISSN:

2980-2407

Keywords:

Abstract:

 It is regarded that use of the science of logic by Muslim scholars, which is thought as a method of reaching the unknown through starting from the known, has undergone a process of historical transformation. It can be said that the first studies on usûl-i fiqh were shaped in the perspective of lexicology and syntax sciences, and that the current principles of the science of logic are already being used. However, until the period of Ghazali, some of the Islamic scholars had a negative attitude towards the science of logic. Over time, a positive point of view has emerged against the science of logic, due to reasons such as separating logic from philosophy and spreading the rules of sharia, making judgments against new issues, and looking at the universe as an example. In this process, the form of the science of logic was reshaped with Islamic thought. At this point, the science of logic is accepted as essential in terms of proving the method in terms of fiqh and drawing definite and consistent judgments from these evidences, and the methods of this science are applied in ijtihad issues. In this context, this study evaluates first the place of the science of logic about which there were different approaches of mujtahids after entering Islamic world in the Islamic jurisprudence, and then its relationship with the mujtahid and its necessity in terms of mujtahids is discussed and revealed.

 It is regarded that use of the science of logic by Muslim scholars, which is thought as a method of reaching the unknown through starting from the known, has undergone a process of historical transformation. It can be said that the first studies on usûl-i fiqh were shaped in the perspective of lexicology and syntax sciences, and that the current principles of the science of logic are already being used. However, until the period of Ghazali, some of the Islamic scholars had a negative attitude towards the science of logic. Over time, a positive point of view has emerged against the science of logic, due to reasons such as separating logic from philosophy and spreading the rules of sharia, making judgments against new issues, and looking at the universe as an example. In this process, the form of the science of logic was reshaped with Islamic thought. At this point, the science of logic is accepted as essential in terms of proving the method in terms of fiqh and drawing definite and consistent judgments from these evidences, and the methods of this science are applied in ijtihad issues. In this context, this study evaluates first the place of the science of logic about which there were different approaches of mujtahids after entering Islamic world in the Islamic jurisprudence, and then its relationship with the mujtahid and its necessity in terms of mujtahids is discussed and revealed.

 It is regarded that use of the science of logic by Muslim scholars, which is thought as a method of reaching the unknown through starting from the known, has undergone a process of historical transformation. It can be said that the first studies on usûl-i fiqh were shaped in the perspective of lexicology and syntax sciences, and that the current principles of the science of logic are already being used. However, until the period of Ghazali, some of the Islamic scholars had a negative attitude towards the science of logic. Over time, a positive point of view has emerged against the science of logic, due to reasons such as separating logic from philosophy and spreading the rules of sharia, making judgments against new issues, and looking at the universe as an example. In this process, the form of the science of logic was reshaped with Islamic thought. At this point, the science of logic is accepted as essential in terms of proving the method in terms of fiqh and drawing definite and consistent judgments from these evidences, and the methods of this science are applied in ijtihad issues. In this context, this study evaluates first the place of the science of logic about which there were different approaches of mujtahids after entering Islamic world in the Islamic jurisprudence, and then its relationship with the mujtahid and its necessity in terms of mujtahids is discussed and revealed.

 Bilinenden yola çıkarak bilinmeyene ulaşma yöntemi olarak tanımlanan mantık ilminin Müslümanlar tarafından benimsenmesi ve İslâmî ilimlerde kullanılması tarihî bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmiştir. Fıkıh usûlüne dair ilk çalışmaların lügat ve nahiv ilimleri perspektifinde şekillendiği ve lafız-mânâ ilişkileri ortaya konulurken ihtiyaç duyulan mantık ilkelerinin zaten kullanıldığı söylenebilir. Bununla beraber Gazzâlî dönemine gelinceye kadar İslâm âlimlerinin bir kısmı, felsefenin bir parçası olarak görülen ve gayrimüslimlerin kendi inançlarını yaymak için kullandıkları bir meşgale olarak algılanan mantık ilmine karşı menfî bir tavır ortaya koymuşlardır. Zaman içinde mantığın felsefeden ayrılması ve ahkâmı şerʻiyyeyi yayma, kıyas ile yeni meselelerde hüküm çıkarma ve aklî deliller çerçevesinde kâinata ibret nazarıyla bakma gibi gerekçelerle mantık ilmine karşı müspet bir bakış açısı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte mantık ilminin Grek geleneğinden gelen biçimi İslâm düşüncesi ile yeniden şekillendirilmiş ve buna dair ilkeler geliştirilmiştir. Gelinen noktada şerʻî deliller ile fıkhî meseleleri çözümleme yöntemi olarak ifade edilen usûl-i fıkh açısından kesin, doğru ve tutarlı hükümler çıkarabilmek için mantık ilmi gerekli kabul edilmekte ve müçtehidin içtihada konu olan meselelerde bu ilmin metotlarına başvurması lüzumlu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada İslâm âlemine girdikten sonra müçtehitlerin farklı yaklaşımlarının söz konusu olduğu mantık ilminin İslâm fıkhındaki yeri, müçtehit ile ilişkisi ve müçtehit açısından gerekliliği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Article Details

The Position of Logic in Islamic Fiqh and its Relationship with Mujtahid

Authors:

Ramazan Aksoy

Publisher:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Journal:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 6, pp.83-101

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291045

pISSN:

2980-2407

Logic

Consistency

Fiqh

Mujtahid

SectMantık İlmi

Tutarlılık

Fıkıh

Müçtehit

Mezhep

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ramazan Aksoy

Publisher: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Journal: Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 6, pp.83-101

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001291045

pISSN: 2980-2407

Issues

Authors:

Ramazan Aksoy

Publisher:

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Journal:

Burdur İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 6, pp.83-101

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001291045

pISSN:

2980-2407