Kahramanmaras Grand Bazaar

Tolga Bozkurt; Ercan Aksoy

Article Details

Kahramanmaras Grand Bazaar

Authors:

Tolga Bozkurt | Ercan Aksoy

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.711-739

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310265

pISSN:

1300-5707

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Kahramanmaraş, located on important transit routes in the hinterland of Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula, in addition to the activity in its political and military history, has hosted a vibrant socio-economic life in the past as well as today. The city, relocated several times after the devastating earthquakes in history, the development in the present settlement area of the city in Turkish era started in Dukadiroğulları Principality period. Maraş, the administrative center of Dulkadiroğulları Principality, was able to officially maintain its dominance in the region until 1552 and it can be said that the city had institutional and systematic urban structures before the Ottoman domination in terms of religious, commercial and residential zones. In the southern part of Maraş Castle and of the bazaar area, shaped around the Ulu Mosque, which was firstly built by Dulkadirli Süleyman Bey in the mid 15th century, the organized commercial structures such as Old Up Bedesten multi-domed market halls and Sûk-i Maraş todays Municipal Bazaar took their place in the beginning of the 16th century. The development of the inner-city commercial area of Maraş continued in the Ottoman period and a classical Ottoman bazaar focused on Down New Bedesten began to take shape in the west of the existing old bazaar in the late 16th century. The existing texture of Maraş Grand Bazaar, adjacent to the southern side of New Bedesten has taken shape with the bezirgân merchants, kavaf leather dealers, köşker cobblers and alaca colored weavers shops lined up in an open-topped arasta the shops of the same trade built in a street line order, which was completely converted into a masonry structure and covered with vault systems in the second half of the 19th century. In this paper, the development stages of Maraş Grand Bazaar from its foundation to the present are discussed in the light of architectural data and written sources, and the periodic restitution proposals are made regarding history of the building. Following the introduction of the study, the physical development process of Maraş city and historical trade zone is emphasized and the four construction periods, determined for the architectural changes of the Grand Bazaar are analyzed. Accordingly, it is understood that the Bazaar came to life with the construction of Bezirgânlar, Kavaflar and Köşkerler arastas that were deployed in order of priority in the south of New Bedesten in the end of 16th century. In the second period, an example of the classical Taş Hans built in other Ottoman cities in the mid-17th century and Taş Han together with Alacacılar Arasta as a contemporary extension were added to the eastern wing of the Bazaar. In the third period of the bazaar, in accordance with the Ebniye Regulations Ottoman construction law, which came into force in the Ottoman State in the 19th century, the bazaar was completely converted into masonry and the open-topped arasta streets were covered with different vault systems. Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar took its current shape in the fourth period, when the Köşkerler Arastası, which formed the western wing, was destroyed due to Atatürk Boulevard that opened in the mid 20th century. In conclusion, it is remarked that the Grand Bazaar, which has an important cultural heritage value for the urban history of Maraş, is an Ottoman bazaar in a multi-row arasta order similar to the examples of Istanbul and Kayseri; also it is emphasized that the building needs an urgent rehabilitation, including the partial damage it received in the earthquake, occurring in February 6, 2023. The aim of this study is to bring a monographic essay in which the construction history of Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar visualized with period restitutions, among the Ottoman city, architecture and art history studies and also to make a contribution to the conservation and restoration works that should be carried out after the 2023 earthquake in the monument.

 Kahramanmaraş, located on important transit routes in the hinterland of Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula, in addition to the activity in its political and military history, has hosted a vibrant socio-economic life in the past as well as today. The city, relocated several times after the devastating earthquakes in history, the development in the present settlement area of the city in Turkish era started in Dukadiroğulları Principality period. Maraş, the administrative center of Dulkadiroğulları Principality, was able to officially maintain its dominance in the region until 1552 and it can be said that the city had institutional and systematic urban structures before the Ottoman domination in terms of religious, commercial and residential zones. In the southern part of Maraş Castle and of the bazaar area, shaped around the Ulu Mosque, which was firstly built by Dulkadirli Süleyman Bey in the mid 15th century, the organized commercial structures such as Old Up Bedesten multi-domed market halls and Sûk-i Maraş todays Municipal Bazaar took their place in the beginning of the 16th century. The development of the inner-city commercial area of Maraş continued in the Ottoman period and a classical Ottoman bazaar focused on Down New Bedesten began to take shape in the west of the existing old bazaar in the late 16th century. The existing texture of Maraş Grand Bazaar, adjacent to the southern side of New Bedesten has taken shape with the bezirgân merchants, kavaf leather dealers, köşker cobblers and alaca colored weavers shops lined up in an open-topped arasta the shops of the same trade built in a street line order, which was completely converted into a masonry structure and covered with vault systems in the second half of the 19th century. In this paper, the development stages of Maraş Grand Bazaar from its foundation to the present are discussed in the light of architectural data and written sources, and the periodic restitution proposals are made regarding history of the building. Following the introduction of the study, the physical development process of Maraş city and historical trade zone is emphasized and the four construction periods, determined for the architectural changes of the Grand Bazaar are analyzed. Accordingly, it is understood that the Bazaar came to life with the construction of Bezirgânlar, Kavaflar and Köşkerler arastas that were deployed in order of priority in the south of New Bedesten in the end of 16th century. In the second period, an example of the classical Taş Hans built in other Ottoman cities in the mid-17th century and Taş Han together with Alacacılar Arasta as a contemporary extension were added to the eastern wing of the Bazaar. In the third period of the bazaar, in accordance with the Ebniye Regulations Ottoman construction law, which came into force in the Ottoman State in the 19th century, the bazaar was completely converted into masonry and the open-topped arasta streets were covered with different vault systems. Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar took its current shape in the fourth period, when the Köşkerler Arastası, which formed the western wing, was destroyed due to Atatürk Boulevard that opened in the mid 20th century. In conclusion, it is remarked that the Grand Bazaar, which has an important cultural heritage value for the urban history of Maraş, is an Ottoman bazaar in a multi-row arasta order similar to the examples of Istanbul and Kayseri; also it is emphasized that the building needs an urgent rehabilitation, including the partial damage it received in the earthquake, occurring in February 6, 2023. The aim of this study is to bring a monographic essay in which the construction history of Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar visualized with period restitutions, among the Ottoman city, architecture and art history studies and also to make a contribution to the conservation and restoration works that should be carried out after the 2023 earthquake in the monument.

 Kahramanmaraş, located on important transit routes in the hinterland of Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula, in addition to the activity in its political and military history, has hosted a vibrant socio-economic life in the past as well as today. The city, relocated several times after the devastating earthquakes in history, the development in the present settlement area of the city in Turkish era started in Dukadiroğulları Principality period. Maraş, the administrative center of Dulkadiroğulları Principality, was able to officially maintain its dominance in the region until 1552 and it can be said that the city had institutional and systematic urban structures before the Ottoman domination in terms of religious, commercial and residential zones. In the southern part of Maraş Castle and of the bazaar area, shaped around the Ulu Mosque, which was firstly built by Dulkadirli Süleyman Bey in the mid 15th century, the organized commercial structures such as Old Up Bedesten multi-domed market halls and Sûk-i Maraş todays Municipal Bazaar took their place in the beginning of the 16th century. The development of the inner-city commercial area of Maraş continued in the Ottoman period and a classical Ottoman bazaar focused on Down New Bedesten began to take shape in the west of the existing old bazaar in the late 16th century. The existing texture of Maraş Grand Bazaar, adjacent to the southern side of New Bedesten has taken shape with the bezirgân merchants, kavaf leather dealers, köşker cobblers and alaca colored weavers shops lined up in an open-topped arasta the shops of the same trade built in a street line order, which was completely converted into a masonry structure and covered with vault systems in the second half of the 19th century. In this paper, the development stages of Maraş Grand Bazaar from its foundation to the present are discussed in the light of architectural data and written sources, and the periodic restitution proposals are made regarding history of the building. Following the introduction of the study, the physical development process of Maraş city and historical trade zone is emphasized and the four construction periods, determined for the architectural changes of the Grand Bazaar are analyzed. Accordingly, it is understood that the Bazaar came to life with the construction of Bezirgânlar, Kavaflar and Köşkerler arastas that were deployed in order of priority in the south of New Bedesten in the end of 16th century. In the second period, an example of the classical Taş Hans built in other Ottoman cities in the mid-17th century and Taş Han together with Alacacılar Arasta as a contemporary extension were added to the eastern wing of the Bazaar. In the third period of the bazaar, in accordance with the Ebniye Regulations Ottoman construction law, which came into force in the Ottoman State in the 19th century, the bazaar was completely converted into masonry and the open-topped arasta streets were covered with different vault systems. Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar took its current shape in the fourth period, when the Köşkerler Arastası, which formed the western wing, was destroyed due to Atatürk Boulevard that opened in the mid 20th century. In conclusion, it is remarked that the Grand Bazaar, which has an important cultural heritage value for the urban history of Maraş, is an Ottoman bazaar in a multi-row arasta order similar to the examples of Istanbul and Kayseri; also it is emphasized that the building needs an urgent rehabilitation, including the partial damage it received in the earthquake, occurring in February 6, 2023. The aim of this study is to bring a monographic essay in which the construction history of Kahramanmaraş Grand Bazaar visualized with period restitutions, among the Ottoman city, architecture and art history studies and also to make a contribution to the conservation and restoration works that should be carried out after the 2023 earthquake in the monument.

 Anadolu, Doğu Akdeniz ve Arap Yarımadası hinterlandında önemli geçiş güzergahları üzerinde yer alan Kahramanmaraş, siyasi ve askeri tarihindeki hareketlilik yanında bugün olduğu gibi geçmişte de canlı bir sosyoekonomik hayata ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Maraş Kalesinin güney kesiminde, ilk inşası 15. yüzyıl ortalarında Dulkadirli Beyi Süleyman Bey tarafından gerçekleştirilen Ulu Cami ile bunun etrafında şekillenen çarşı alanında, zamanla Eski Yukarı Bedesten ve Sûk-i Maraş bugünkü Belediye Çarşısı gibi örgütlü ticari strüktürler 16. yüzyıl başları itibarıyla yerlerini almışlardır. Maraş kent içi ticaret alanının gelişimi Osmanlı döneminde de sürmüş ve mevcut eski çarşının batısında, 16. yüzyıl sonlarında Aşağı Yeni Bedesten merkezli klâsik bir Osmanlı çarşısı şekillenmeye başlamıştır. Günümüze ulaşabilen şekli itibarıyla Maraş Kapalı Çarşı; Yeni Bedestenin güney kenarına bitişik, üstü açık arasta düzeninde sıralanan bezirgân, kavaf, köşker ve alaca dükkânlarının 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında tamamen kâgire dönüştürülerek, tonoz sistemleriyle örtülmesiyle meydana gelmiştir. Bu yazıda Maraş Kapalı Çarşının kuruluşundan günümüze kadar olan sürede geçirdiği gelişim aşamaları mimari veriler ve yazılı kaynaklar ışığında ele alınarak, yapı tarihine dair dönemsel restitüsyon önerilerinde bulunulmaktadır. Sonuçta, Maraş kent tarihi için önemli bir kültürel miras değeri taşıyan Kapalı Çarşının İstanbul ve Kayseri örneklerine benzer, çok sıralı arasta düzeninde bir Osmanlı çarşısı olduğuna dikkat çekilerek, yapının 6 Şubat 2023 depreminde aldığı kısmi hasarları da kapsayacak acil bir rehabilitasyona ihtiyaç duyduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kahramanmaraş Kapalı Çarşı inşa tarihinin dönem restitüsyonlarıyla görselleştirildiği monografik bir denemeyi Osmanlı kenti, mimarlık ve sanat tarihi araştırmaları arasına kazandırmak ve ayrıca, 2023 depremi sonrasında Kapalı Çarşıda yürütülecek koruma ve onarım çalışmalarına katkı sağlamaktır.

Article Details

Kahramanmaras Grand Bazaar

Authors:

Tolga Bozkurt | Ercan Aksoy

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.711-739

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310265

pISSN:

1300-5707

Commercial buildings

Grand Bazaar

Bedesten

Arasta

Taş HanTicaret yapıları

Kapalı Çarşı

Bedesten

Arasta

Taş Han

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Tolga Bozkurt | Ercan Aksoy

Publisher: Ege University

Main Topics: Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Journal: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.711-739

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310265

pISSN: 1300-5707

Issues

Authors:

Tolga Bozkurt | Ercan Aksoy

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Mimarlık Tarihi | Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.711-739

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310265

pISSN:

1300-5707