Criminalization of Environmental Activists at Gemulo – Malang

‎ Dahniarti

Article Details

Criminalization of Environmental Activists at Gemulo – Malang

Authors:

‎ Dahniarti

Publisher:

KnE Social Sciences

Journal:

KnE Social Sciences Vol.10 Issue 27, pp.284-296

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001515063

pISSN:

2518-668X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In the past, environmental law issues were in the civil realm starting from the emergence of the Trails Melter case between the United States and Canada. But the development of the era that feels that the world belongs to all, not the privatization of a particular country, has resulted in a consensus to form declarations to protect the environment; starting from Stockholm, then the Rio de Jeneiro Declaration, the Declaration in Japan, to the development of regulations in Indonesia up to Law Number 32 of 2009. This study critically examines the criminalization of community activists opposing the construction of The Rayja Hotel over the sacred Gemulo spring in Batu, Malang. This research used a qualitative case study methodology. It explores the tensions between environmental justice and state-sanctioned development and highlights the abuse of law through informal and formal legal mechanisms against public interest advocates. Primary data from interviews and secondary sources from theses and journal articles indicate that criminal charges and civil litigation are used to silence environmental dissent, in violation of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection. The findings call for strengthened legal protection for environmental activism and an enforceable human rights framework for communities defending natural resources.

Article Details

Criminalization of Environmental Activists at Gemulo – Malang

Authors:

‎ Dahniarti

Publisher:

KnE Social Sciences

Journal:

KnE Social Sciences Vol.10 Issue 27, pp.284-296

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001515063

pISSN:

2518-668X

criminalization

environmental defenders

justice

Issues

Article Details

Criminalization of Environmental Activists at Gemulo – Malang

Authors: ‎ Dahniarti

Publisher: KnE Social Sciences

Journal: KnE Social Sciences Vol.10 Issue 27, pp.284-296

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001515063

pISSN: 2518-668X

criminalization

environmental defenders

justice

Issues

Authors:

‎ Dahniarti

Publisher:

KnE Social Sciences

Journal:

KnE Social Sciences Vol.10 Issue 27, pp.284-296

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001515063

pISSN:

2518-668X