SİYASİ SPILL OVER VE UYUM/ENTEGRASYON: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Recep Şehitoğlu; Aykut Karakuş

Article Details

SİYASİ SPILL OVER VE UYUM/ENTEGRASYON: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Authors:

Recep Şehitoğlu | Aykut Karakuş

Publisher:

Gaziantep University

Main Topics:

Siyaset Bilimi

Journal:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.295-309

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283184

pISSN:

1303-0094

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The European Union EU, which is the only unique example, has todays supranational structure with the spread of cooperation areas that started in the technical field after the 2nd World War to other sectors. This process, which started with a neo-functionalist perspective in the coal and steel sectors, made it possible to evaluate historical competition areas such as Ruhr and Saarland as an area of cooperation, and served as a triggering parameter in the construction of a collective and supranational structure. So much so that the customs walls that were lifted between the members of the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC accelerated the economic integration by showing the Spill Over effect and resulted in the establishment of the European Economic Community EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM. In this direction, increasing dialogue, trust and communication among the members brought these communities together under a single roof, and with the Fusion Treaty 1967, it was named European Communities EC. The increasing welfare and earnings of the members of the community, the developments in the international system made it rational for other actors to participate in the EC, and the integration spread to political areas with the effect of Take Off. Finally, with the Single European Act SEA, a new arrangement was made to solve the obstacles to integration internal market, competition conditions, legislation, etc., infrastructure preparations for monetary and political union began, 1980 was the cornerstone of integration and deepening for the Community. This process, which started in a sectoral area, showed a branchingeffect with the Maastricht Agreement and the EC succeeded in establishing a unity in the common security and foreign policy, monetary and political fields by taking the name of the EU. Despite the opposition to the integration arising from the nation-state structures of the EU members in the process, the EU gave priority to the construction of the European identity EU citizenship, and tried to develop harmony among the members with initiatives such as a flag, anthem and constitution that would resemble a nation-state in the constitutional context.

 The European Union EU, which is the only unique example, has todays supranational structure with the spread of cooperation areas that started in the technical field after the 2nd World War to other sectors. This process, which started with a neo-functionalist perspective in the coal and steel sectors, made it possible to evaluate historical competition areas such as Ruhr and Saarland as an area of cooperation, and served as a triggering parameter in the construction of a collective and supranational structure. So much so that the customs walls that were lifted between the members of the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC accelerated the economic integration by showing the Spill Over effect and resulted in the establishment of the European Economic Community EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM. In this direction, increasing dialogue, trust and communication among the members brought these communities together under a single roof, and with the Fusion Treaty 1967, it was named European Communities EC. The increasing welfare and earnings of the members of the community, the developments in the international system made it rational for other actors to participate in the EC, and the integration spread to political areas with the effect of Take Off. Finally, with the Single European Act SEA, a new arrangement was made to solve the obstacles to integration internal market, competition conditions, legislation, etc., infrastructure preparations for monetary and political union began, 1980 was the cornerstone of integration and deepening for the Community. This process, which started in a sectoral area, showed a branchingeffect with the Maastricht Agreement and the EC succeeded in establishing a unity in the common security and foreign policy, monetary and political fields by taking the name of the EU. Despite the opposition to the integration arising from the nation-state structures of the EU members in the process, the EU gave priority to the construction of the European identity EU citizenship, and tried to develop harmony among the members with initiatives such as a flag, anthem and constitution that would resemble a nation-state in the constitutional context.

 The European Union EU, which is the only unique example, has todays supranational structure with the spread of cooperation areas that started in the technical field after the 2nd World War to other sectors. This process, which started with a neo-functionalist perspective in the coal and steel sectors, made it possible to evaluate historical competition areas such as Ruhr and Saarland as an area of cooperation, and served as a triggering parameter in the construction of a collective and supranational structure. So much so that the customs walls that were lifted between the members of the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC accelerated the economic integration by showing the Spill Over effect and resulted in the establishment of the European Economic Community EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM. In this direction, increasing dialogue, trust and communication among the members brought these communities together under a single roof, and with the Fusion Treaty 1967, it was named European Communities EC. The increasing welfare and earnings of the members of the community, the developments in the international system made it rational for other actors to participate in the EC, and the integration spread to political areas with the effect of Take Off. Finally, with the Single European Act SEA, a new arrangement was made to solve the obstacles to integration internal market, competition conditions, legislation, etc., infrastructure preparations for monetary and political union began, 1980 was the cornerstone of integration and deepening for the Community. This process, which started in a sectoral area, showed a branchingeffect with the Maastricht Agreement and the EC succeeded in establishing a unity in the common security and foreign policy, monetary and political fields by taking the name of the EU. Despite the opposition to the integration arising from the nation-state structures of the EU members in the process, the EU gave priority to the construction of the European identity EU citizenship, and tried to develop harmony among the members with initiatives such as a flag, anthem and constitution that would resemble a nation-state in the constitutional context.

 Nevi şahsına münhasır tek örnek olan Avrupa Birliği AB, 2. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında teknik alanda başlayan iş birliği alanlarının diğer sektörlere de yayılması ile günümüz supranasyonal yapısına sahip olmuştur. Neo-Fonksiyonalist bir perspektif ile kömür ve çelik sektörleri özelinde başlayan bu süreç, tarihsel rekabet alanlarının Ruhr ve Saarland gibi bir iş birliği alanı olarak değerlendirilmesini mümkün kılmış, kolektif ve ulus üstü yapının inşa edilmesinde tetikleyeci bir parametre işlevi görmüştür. Öyle ki Avrupa Kömür Çelik Topluluğu AKÇT üyeleri arasında kaldırılan gümrük duvarları, Spill Over etkisi göstererek ekonomik entegrasyonu ivmelendirmiş, Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu AET ve Avrupa Atom Enerjisi Topluluğunun EURATOM kurulması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda üyeler arasında artan diyalog, güven ve iletişim bu toplulukların tek çatı altına toplanmasını gündeme getirmiş Füzyon Antlaşması 1967 ile, Avrupa Toplulukları AT adını almıştır. Topluluk üyelerinin artan refahı ve kazanç durumu, uluslararası sistemde meydana gelen gelişmeler diğer aktörlerin de ATye katılımını rasyonel kılmış, entegrasyon Take Off etkisi ile siyasi alanlara da yayılmıştır. Nihayetinde Avrupa Tek Senedi ATS ile entegrasyonun önündeki engellerin iç pazar, rekabet koşulları, yasama vs. çözümü için yeni bir düzenlemeye gidilmiş, parasal ve siyasi birlik için alt yapı hazırlıkları başlamış, Topluluk için 1980 yılı entegrasyon ve derinleşmenin mihenk taşı olmuştur. Sektörel bir alanda başlayan bu süreç Maastricht Anlaşması ile dallanma etkisi göstermiş ve AT, AB adını alarak ortak güvenlik ve dış politika, parasal ve siyasi alanlarda birlik kurmayı başarmıştır. Süreç içinde entegrasyona AB üyelerinin ulus devlet yapılarından kaynaklanan karşı koyuşlar olmasına rağmen AB, Avrupalı kimliğinin AB vatandaşı inşa edilmesine öncelik vermiş, Anayasal bağlamda bir ulus devleti andıracak bayrak, marş ve anayasa gibi girişimler ile üyeler arasında uyumu geliştirmeye çalışmıştır.

Article Details

SİYASİ SPILL OVER VE UYUM/ENTEGRASYON: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Authors:

Recep Şehitoğlu | Aykut Karakuş

Publisher:

Gaziantep University

Main Topics:

Siyaset Bilimi

Journal:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.295-309

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283184

pISSN:

1303-0094

Spill Over

Neo-Functionalism

Integration

European Union

international organizations

Neo-Fonksiyonalizm

Spill Over

Entegrasyon

Avrupa Birliği

Uluslararası Örgütler

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Recep Şehitoğlu | Aykut Karakuş

Publisher: Gaziantep University

Main Topics: Siyaset Bilimi

Journal: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.295-309

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001283184

pISSN: 1303-0094

Issues

Authors:

Recep Şehitoğlu | Aykut Karakuş

Publisher:

Gaziantep University

Main Topics:

Siyaset Bilimi

Journal:

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.295-309

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001283184

pISSN:

1303-0094