Integrated Analysis of the In Vitro Response of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Ersan Bektaş; Hüseyin Şahin; Halil İbrahim Güler; Kadriye İnan; Kaan Kaltalıoğlu; Nilhan Elif Uzun

Article Details

Integrated Analysis of the In Vitro Response of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Authors:

Ersan Bektaş | Hüseyin Şahin | Halil İbrahim Güler | Kadriye İnan | Kaan Kaltalıoğlu | Nilhan Elif Uzun

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Main Topics:

Bitki Biyokimyası | Bitki Biyoteknolojisi | Bitki Fizyolojisi

Journal:

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.179-191

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351632

pISSN:

2147-7930

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This study explores the in vitro effects of copper oxide nanoparticles CuO-NPs on Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis lemon balm by evaluating morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Seedlings were treated with CuO-NPs at 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mgL to assess growth parameters, secondary metabolite production, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, essential oil composition, and gene expression of PAL, TAT, and RAS. Low CuO-NP concentration 0.1 mgL significantly enhanced shoot elongation, while 10.0 mgL induced strong root proliferation but inhibited shoot growth. Total phenolic TPC and flavonoid TFC contents peaked at 10.0 mgL, correlating with increased antioxidant activity in CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. HPLC analysis revealed elevated rosmarinic acid and reduced caffeic and p-coumaric acid levels, suggesting pathway redirection. Enzyme inhibition assays showed that 1.0 mgL yielded the strongest AChE inhibition, while higher doses improved inhibition of MAO, urease, and HIV-1 RT. GC-MS analysis indicated altered essential oil profiles under CuO-NP exposure, including increased geranial and neral levels. qRT-PCR confirmed dose-dependent upregulation of PAL, TAT, and RAS genes, particularly at 10.0 mgL, supporting enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Collectively, CuO-NPs act as abiotic elicitors in a concentration-dependent manner, promoting bioactive compound production and antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the potential of CuO-NPs in improving the phytochemical quality of Melissa officinalis under controlled conditions.

 This study explores the in vitro effects of copper oxide nanoparticles CuO-NPs on Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis lemon balm by evaluating morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Seedlings were treated with CuO-NPs at 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mgL to assess growth parameters, secondary metabolite production, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, essential oil composition, and gene expression of PAL, TAT, and RAS. Low CuO-NP concentration 0.1 mgL significantly enhanced shoot elongation, while 10.0 mgL induced strong root proliferation but inhibited shoot growth. Total phenolic TPC and flavonoid TFC contents peaked at 10.0 mgL, correlating with increased antioxidant activity in CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. HPLC analysis revealed elevated rosmarinic acid and reduced caffeic and p-coumaric acid levels, suggesting pathway redirection. Enzyme inhibition assays showed that 1.0 mgL yielded the strongest AChE inhibition, while higher doses improved inhibition of MAO, urease, and HIV-1 RT. GC-MS analysis indicated altered essential oil profiles under CuO-NP exposure, including increased geranial and neral levels. qRT-PCR confirmed dose-dependent upregulation of PAL, TAT, and RAS genes, particularly at 10.0 mgL, supporting enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Collectively, CuO-NPs act as abiotic elicitors in a concentration-dependent manner, promoting bioactive compound production and antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the potential of CuO-NPs in improving the phytochemical quality of Melissa officinalis under controlled conditions.

 This study explores the in vitro effects of copper oxide nanoparticles CuO-NPs on Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis lemon balm by evaluating morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Seedlings were treated with CuO-NPs at 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mgL to assess growth parameters, secondary metabolite production, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, essential oil composition, and gene expression of PAL, TAT, and RAS. Low CuO-NP concentration 0.1 mgL significantly enhanced shoot elongation, while 10.0 mgL induced strong root proliferation but inhibited shoot growth. Total phenolic TPC and flavonoid TFC contents peaked at 10.0 mgL, correlating with increased antioxidant activity in CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. HPLC analysis revealed elevated rosmarinic acid and reduced caffeic and p-coumaric acid levels, suggesting pathway redirection. Enzyme inhibition assays showed that 1.0 mgL yielded the strongest AChE inhibition, while higher doses improved inhibition of MAO, urease, and HIV-1 RT. GC-MS analysis indicated altered essential oil profiles under CuO-NP exposure, including increased geranial and neral levels. qRT-PCR confirmed dose-dependent upregulation of PAL, TAT, and RAS genes, particularly at 10.0 mgL, supporting enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Collectively, CuO-NPs act as abiotic elicitors in a concentration-dependent manner, promoting bioactive compound production and antioxidant potential. These findings highlight the potential of CuO-NPs in improving the phytochemical quality of Melissa officinalis under controlled conditions.

 Bu çalışma, bakır oksit nanoparçacıklarının CuO-NP Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis oğulotu üzerindeki in vitro etkilerini morfolojik, biyokimyasal ve moleküler yanıtlar açısından değerlendirmektedir. Fideler 0.1, 1.0 ve 10.0 mgL CuO-NP konsantrasyonlarıyla muamele edilerek büyüme parametreleri, sekonder metabolit üretimi, antioksidan aktivite, enzim inhibisyonu, uçucu yağ bileşimi ve PAL, TAT ve RAS genlerinin ekspresyonu analiz edilmiştir. Düşük CuO-NP konsantrasyonu 0.1 mgL, sürgün uzamasını anlamlı şekilde artırırken, 10.0 mgL kök gelişimini kuvvetli şekilde teşvik etmiş, ancak sürgün büyümesini baskılamıştır. Toplam fenolik TPC ve flavonoid TFC içerikleri 10.0 mgLde en yüksek değerlere ulaşmış; bu durum CUPRAC, DPPH ve ABTS testlerinde artan antioksidan aktivite ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. HPLC analizleri, rosmarinik asitte artış, kafeik ve p-kumarik asitlerde ise azalma göstermiş; bu da fenilpropanoid yolunun yön değiştirdiğine işaret etmiştir. Enzim inhibisyon analizlerinde, 1.0 mgL konsantrasyonu AChE üzerinde en yüksek inhibisyon etkisi gösterirken, daha yüksek dozlar MAO, üreaz ve HIV-1 RT enzimlerinin inhibisyonunu artırmıştır. GC-MS analizleri, CuO-NP uygulaması altında uçucu yağ profillerinin değiştiğini ve özellikle geranial ve neral düzeylerinde artış olduğunu göstermiştir. qRT-PCR analizleri, özellikle 10.0 mgLde PAL, TAT ve RAS genlerinin doz bağımlı olarak yukarı regüle olduğunu doğrulamış ve fenilpropanoid biyosentezinin arttığını desteklemiştir. Genel olarak, CuO-NPler konsantrasyona bağlı şekilde abiyotik elisitör olarak işlev görmekte, biyolojik aktif bileşik üretimini ve antioksidan kapasiteyi artırmaktadır. Bu bulgular, kontrollü koşullarda Melissa officinalis bitkisinin fitokimyasal kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde CuO-NPlerin potansiyelini ortaya koymaktadır.

Article Details

Integrated Analysis of the In Vitro Response of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Authors:

Ersan Bektaş | Hüseyin Şahin | Halil İbrahim Güler | Kadriye İnan | Kaan Kaltalıoğlu | Nilhan Elif Uzun

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Main Topics:

Bitki Biyokimyası | Bitki Biyoteknolojisi | Bitki Fizyolojisi

Journal:

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.179-191

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351632

pISSN:

2147-7930

Antioxidant activity

CuO Nanoparticles

Gene expression

In vitro propagation

Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis

Phenolic compoundsAntioksidan aktivite

CuO Nanopartikül

Fenolik bileşikler

Gen ekspresyonu

İn vitro propagasyon

Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ersan Bektaş | Hüseyin Şahin | Halil İbrahim Güler | Kadriye İnan | Kaan Kaltalıoğlu | Nilhan Elif Uzun

Publisher: Mus Alparslan University

Main Topics: Bitki Biyokimyası | Bitki Biyoteknolojisi | Bitki Fizyolojisi

Journal: Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.179-191

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351632

pISSN: 2147-7930

Issues

Authors:

Ersan Bektaş | Hüseyin Şahin | Halil İbrahim Güler | Kadriye İnan | Kaan Kaltalıoğlu | Nilhan Elif Uzun

Publisher:

Mus Alparslan University

Main Topics:

Bitki Biyokimyası | Bitki Biyoteknolojisi | Bitki Fizyolojisi

Journal:

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.179-191

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351632

pISSN:

2147-7930