Study Microscopic Differences in Urine Samples between Males and Females with Urinary Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Eman K. Matshar; Israa Tareq Raheem; Ban Samary Atyah; Nawras Kadhim Rassin

Article Details

Study Microscopic Differences in Urine Samples between Males and Females with Urinary Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authors:

Eman K. Matshar | Israa Tareq Raheem | Ban Samary Atyah | Nawras Kadhim Rassin

Publisher:

International University of Erbil

Journal:

Academic Journal of International University of Erbil Vol.3, pp.308-313

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001930259

pISSN:

3080-7174

Abstract:

 Background: Urinalysis is an established diagnostic procedure, and multiple parameters may differ by biological characteristics and pre-analytical factors, including gender. The purpose was to detect gender differences in microscopic urinalysis observations using midpoint-based quantitative analysis. A cross-sectional comparative analysis of urine samples of men and women was performed. We performed standardized microscopic scoring and statistical comparison between sexes to evaluate red blood cells (RBC), pus cells (PUS), epithelial cells, crystals, mucus and bacterial presence. Women showed significantly higher RBC midpoint scores and bacterial detection rates compared to males. Female epithelial cell scores were also notably higher, which might be due to anatomical or sample collection–related effects. No gender differences existed in PUS, crystal or mucus scores. Gender has strong effect on particular urinalysis parameters, especially RBC counts, epithelial cells and bacterial findings. These results emphasize the relevance of gender considerations for interpreting routine urinalysis results to aid in diagnosis.

Article Details

Study Microscopic Differences in Urine Samples between Males and Females with Urinary Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authors: Eman K. Matshar | Israa Tareq Raheem | Ban Samary Atyah | Nawras Kadhim Rassin

Publisher: International University of Erbil

Journal: Academic Journal of International University of Erbil Vol.3, pp.308-313

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 8/2026

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001930259

pISSN: 3080-7174

Issues

Authors:

Eman K. Matshar | Israa Tareq Raheem | Ban Samary Atyah | Nawras Kadhim Rassin

Publisher:

International University of Erbil

Journal:

Academic Journal of International University of Erbil Vol.3, pp.308-313

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001930259

pISSN:

3080-7174