SA‘DÎ AND HULEFA-E RASIDIN

Veyis Değirmençay

Article Details

SA‘DÎ AND HULEFA-E RASIDIN

Authors:

Veyis Değirmençay

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Fars Dili | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Journal:

Doğu Esintileri Issue 21, pp.15-30

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327261

pISSN:

2148-290X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Sadi-e Shirazi one of the most famous poets of Persian language and literature, was born in Şîrâz, completed his primary education in this city, then went to Baghdad and took lessons from various teachers at Nizamiye Madrasa. He visited many cities and countries, was with many scholars and noble figures, came to Anatolia and met with Mewlana. After his long travels, he returned to Shiraz in 654 1256 or 655 1257 and met with Salgurlu Atabek Ebû Bakr b., the ruler of the Fars region of Iran. Sad b. Zengis prince Sad b. Abu Bakr b. He joined Sads relatives. When the Salgurlu dynasty collapsed and Shiraz came under Mongol rule in 663 1264, he went to Mecca to perform the pilg-rimage. On his way back to Mecca, he stopped by Tabriz; There he was well received by the Ilkhanid statesman Alâeddin Ata Melik Cüveynî and his brother Şemseddin Cüveynî; He met with the Mongolian ruler Abaka Khan through these two people; He wrote poems praising the mentioned statesmen and other notables; He spent his life providing guidance and serving the public. Sadî, who spent the last years of his life in asceticism and wors-hip in Shiraz, died on 27 Dhu al-Hijjah 691 9 December 1292. The poet, who wrote many works in verse and prose, wrote works that translated the thoughts and wishes of the society by making use of verses and hadiths, proverbs, stories, and the events and conversations he lived, learned and experienced during his travels. In his Bostan, justi-ce, benevolence, love, humility, consent, contentment, discipline, grati-tude, repentance, supplication, and in his Gulistan, the behavior of sul-tans, the morality of dervishes, the virtue of contentment, the benefits of silence, love and youth, weakness and old age, He dealt with topics such as the effect of good manners and conversation etiquette. In his divan consisting of ghazals, odes, stanzas, terciibents and rubais, he wrote poems about love, the lover, the beloved, wine and nature, and in some places he dealt with the same subjects that he had covered in Bos-tan and Gulistan, and also gave advice. In addition to writing praises to many statesmen in his poems, he also wrote tawhid, munacat and naats, and in these poems he also inclu-ded couplets or poems praising the caliph of the righteous religion. He praised the four great caliphs without any discrimination, did not see them as separate from each other, approached them with respect and love, and when necessary, explained them by giving examples to his praises and readers. In this study, Sadîs views and thoughts about the four great caliphs, that is, the four great caliphs, and the poems he wrote about them will be explained by translating them into Turkish.

 Sadi-e Shirazi one of the most famous poets of Persian language and literature, was born in Şîrâz, completed his primary education in this city, then went to Baghdad and took lessons from various teachers at Nizamiye Madrasa. He visited many cities and countries, was with many scholars and noble figures, came to Anatolia and met with Mewlana. After his long travels, he returned to Shiraz in 654 1256 or 655 1257 and met with Salgurlu Atabek Ebû Bakr b., the ruler of the Fars region of Iran. Sad b. Zengis prince Sad b. Abu Bakr b. He joined Sads relatives. When the Salgurlu dynasty collapsed and Shiraz came under Mongol rule in 663 1264, he went to Mecca to perform the pilg-rimage. On his way back to Mecca, he stopped by Tabriz; There he was well received by the Ilkhanid statesman Alâeddin Ata Melik Cüveynî and his brother Şemseddin Cüveynî; He met with the Mongolian ruler Abaka Khan through these two people; He wrote poems praising the mentioned statesmen and other notables; He spent his life providing guidance and serving the public. Sadî, who spent the last years of his life in asceticism and wors-hip in Shiraz, died on 27 Dhu al-Hijjah 691 9 December 1292. The poet, who wrote many works in verse and prose, wrote works that translated the thoughts and wishes of the society by making use of verses and hadiths, proverbs, stories, and the events and conversations he lived, learned and experienced during his travels. In his Bostan, justi-ce, benevolence, love, humility, consent, contentment, discipline, grati-tude, repentance, supplication, and in his Gulistan, the behavior of sul-tans, the morality of dervishes, the virtue of contentment, the benefits of silence, love and youth, weakness and old age, He dealt with topics such as the effect of good manners and conversation etiquette. In his divan consisting of ghazals, odes, stanzas, terciibents and rubais, he wrote poems about love, the lover, the beloved, wine and nature, and in some places he dealt with the same subjects that he had covered in Bos-tan and Gulistan, and also gave advice. In addition to writing praises to many statesmen in his poems, he also wrote tawhid, munacat and naats, and in these poems he also inclu-ded couplets or poems praising the caliph of the righteous religion. He praised the four great caliphs without any discrimination, did not see them as separate from each other, approached them with respect and love, and when necessary, explained them by giving examples to his praises and readers. In this study, Sadîs views and thoughts about the four great caliphs, that is, the four great caliphs, and the poems he wrote about them will be explained by translating them into Turkish.

 Sadi-e Shirazi one of the most famous poets of Persian language and literature, was born in Şîrâz, completed his primary education in this city, then went to Baghdad and took lessons from various teachers at Nizamiye Madrasa. He visited many cities and countries, was with many scholars and noble figures, came to Anatolia and met with Mewlana. After his long travels, he returned to Shiraz in 654 1256 or 655 1257 and met with Salgurlu Atabek Ebû Bakr b., the ruler of the Fars region of Iran. Sad b. Zengis prince Sad b. Abu Bakr b. He joined Sads relatives. When the Salgurlu dynasty collapsed and Shiraz came under Mongol rule in 663 1264, he went to Mecca to perform the pilg-rimage. On his way back to Mecca, he stopped by Tabriz; There he was well received by the Ilkhanid statesman Alâeddin Ata Melik Cüveynî and his brother Şemseddin Cüveynî; He met with the Mongolian ruler Abaka Khan through these two people; He wrote poems praising the mentioned statesmen and other notables; He spent his life providing guidance and serving the public. Sadî, who spent the last years of his life in asceticism and wors-hip in Shiraz, died on 27 Dhu al-Hijjah 691 9 December 1292. The poet, who wrote many works in verse and prose, wrote works that translated the thoughts and wishes of the society by making use of verses and hadiths, proverbs, stories, and the events and conversations he lived, learned and experienced during his travels. In his Bostan, justi-ce, benevolence, love, humility, consent, contentment, discipline, grati-tude, repentance, supplication, and in his Gulistan, the behavior of sul-tans, the morality of dervishes, the virtue of contentment, the benefits of silence, love and youth, weakness and old age, He dealt with topics such as the effect of good manners and conversation etiquette. In his divan consisting of ghazals, odes, stanzas, terciibents and rubais, he wrote poems about love, the lover, the beloved, wine and nature, and in some places he dealt with the same subjects that he had covered in Bos-tan and Gulistan, and also gave advice. In addition to writing praises to many statesmen in his poems, he also wrote tawhid, munacat and naats, and in these poems he also inclu-ded couplets or poems praising the caliph of the righteous religion. He praised the four great caliphs without any discrimination, did not see them as separate from each other, approached them with respect and love, and when necessary, explained them by giving examples to his praises and readers. In this study, Sadîs views and thoughts about the four great caliphs, that is, the four great caliphs, and the poems he wrote about them will be explained by translating them into Turkish.

 Fars dili ve edebiyatının en ünlü şairlerinden olan Sadî-yi Şîrâzî, Şîrâzda dünyaya gelmiş, ilköğrenimini bu şehirde yapmış, daha sonra Bağdata gitmiş ve Nizamiye Medresesinde çeşitli hocalardan dersler almıştır. Birçok şehir ve ülke gezmiş, birçok âlim ve fazıl şahsiyetlerle birlikte bulunmuş, Anadoluya gelmiş, Mevlâna ile de görüşmüştür. Uzun süren seyahatlerinden sonra 654 1256 veya 655 1257 yı-lında Şîraza dönmüş, İranın Fars bölgesinin hâkimi Salgurlu Atabek Ebû Bekir b. Sad b. Zengînin şehzadesi Sad b. Ebû Bekir b. Sadın yakınları arasına katılmıştır. Salgurlu hanedanı yıkılıp da Şiraz, 663te 1264 Moğol hâkimiyeti altına girince hac ibadetini ifa etmek için Mekkeye gitmiştir. Mekke dönüşünde Tebrize uğramış; orada İlhanlı devlet adamı Alâeddin Atâ Melik Cüveynî ve kardeşi Şemseddin Cüveynî tarafından iyi karşılanmış; bu iki zatın aracılığıyla Moğol hükümdarı Abaka Han ile görüşmüş; adı geçen devlet adamları ve başka ileri gelenleri öven şiirler yazmış; hayatını irşatla ve halka hizmetle geçirmiştir. Ömrünün son yıllarını Şîrazda riyazet ve ibadetle geçiren Sadî, 27 Zilhicce 691de 9 Aralık 1292 vefat etmiştir. Manzum ve mensur birçok eser kaleme alan şair, eserlerinde ayet ve hadislerden, atasözlerinden, hikâyelerden ve seyahatleri esnasında yaşamış, öğrenmiş ve tecrübe etmiş olduğu olaylardan ve sohbetlerden istifade ederek toplumun düşünce ve isteklerine tercüman olan eserler kaleme almıştır. Bostanında adalet, ihsan, aşk, tevazu, rıza, kanaat, terbiye, şükür, tövbe, münacat ve Gülistanında padişahların davranışla-rı, dervişlerin ahlâkı, kanaatin fazileti, susmanın faydaları, aşk ve genç-lik, güçsüzlük ve ihtiyarlık, terbiyenin etkisi ve sohbet adabı gibi konu-ları işlemiştir. Gazel, kaside, kıta, terciibent ve rubailerden oluşan diva-nında aşkı, âşığı, maşuku, şarabı ve tabiatı konu alan şiirler yazmış, Bos-tan ve Gülistanda işlemiş olduğu konuları bunlarda da yer yer işlemiş, öğütler de vermiştir. Şiirlerinde birçok devlet adamına methiyeler yazması yanında tevhit, münacat, naatlar da kaleme almış, bu şiirlerinde hulefâ-yi râşidini öven beyitlere veya şiirlere de yer vermiştir. Dört büyük halifeyi hiçbir ayrım gözetmeden övmüş, onları birbirinden ayrı görmemiş, onla-ra saygı ve sevgiyle yaklaşmış, yeri geldiğinde onları memduhlarına ve okuyucularına örnek vererek anlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada Sadînin hulefâ-yi râşidin yani dört büyük halife hakkındaki görüş ve düşünceleri, onlar hakkında kaleme aldığı şiirleri Türkçeye çevrilerek anlatılacaktır.

Article Details

SA‘DÎ AND HULEFA-E RASIDIN

Authors:

Veyis Değirmençay

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Fars Dili | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Journal:

Doğu Esintileri Issue 21, pp.15-30

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327261

pISSN:

2148-290X

Sa

the righteous caliphs

the four great caliphs

praise

Per-sian poetry.Sa‘dî-yi Şîrâzî

hulefâ-yi râşidin

dört büyük halife

methiye

Farsça şiir.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Veyis Değirmençay

Publisher: Ataturk University

Main Topics: Fars Dili | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Journal: Doğu Esintileri Issue 21, pp.15-30

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001327261

pISSN: 2148-290X

Issues

Authors:

Veyis Değirmençay

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Fars Dili | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü

Journal:

Doğu Esintileri Issue 21, pp.15-30

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327261

pISSN:

2148-290X