Effects of Anxiety Disorder on Choroidal Vascularity Index and Central Macular Thickness: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis

İbrahim Edhem Yılmaz; Mustafa Berhuni; Gizem Gürbostan Soysal; Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu; Ali Hakim Reyhan

Article Details

Effects of Anxiety Disorder on Choroidal Vascularity Index and Central Macular Thickness: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis

Authors:

İbrahim Edhem Yılmaz | Mustafa Berhuni | Gizem Gürbostan Soysal | Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu | Ali Hakim Reyhan

Publisher:

Harran University

Main Topics:

Göz Hastalıkları | Göz Hastalıkları ve Göz Ölçümleri (Diğer)

Journal:

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 3, pp.468-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352420

pISSN:

1304-9623

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study analyzed 85 participants 38 general-ized anxiety disorder patients, 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Comprehensive oph-thalmic examinations and macular SD-OCT imaging with enhanced depth imaging EDI were per-formed. CMT was measured automatically, while CVI was calculated using standardized ImageJ binarization protocols. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, sensitivity analyses, effect size calculations, and correlation assessments α  0.05. Results: Groups demonstrated comparable demographics age p0.492; sex p0.659; IOP p0.472. No significant differences emerged in CMT 249.420.5 µm vs. 246.032.5 µm; p0.582; Cohens d0.12 or CVI 70.33.3 vs. 70.53.6; p0.787; d-0.06. Sensitivity analyses medication-free subgroup, non-smokers and anxiety severity correlations yielded consistent null findings. Conclusions: This robust analysis found no evidence of structural posterior segment alterations in generalized anxiety disorder, challenging prevailing psychophysiological models. Findings highlight the choroids resilience to chronic stress and underscore the need for multimodal biomarker ap-proaches in psychophysiological ophthalmology research. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, Choroidal vascularity index, Central macular thickness, Optical coherence tomography, Psychophysiology, Biomarkers.

 Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study analyzed 85 participants 38 general-ized anxiety disorder patients, 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Comprehensive oph-thalmic examinations and macular SD-OCT imaging with enhanced depth imaging EDI were per-formed. CMT was measured automatically, while CVI was calculated using standardized ImageJ binarization protocols. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, sensitivity analyses, effect size calculations, and correlation assessments α  0.05. Results: Groups demonstrated comparable demographics age p0.492; sex p0.659; IOP p0.472. No significant differences emerged in CMT 249.420.5 µm vs. 246.032.5 µm; p0.582; Cohens d0.12 or CVI 70.33.3 vs. 70.53.6; p0.787; d-0.06. Sensitivity analyses medication-free subgroup, non-smokers and anxiety severity correlations yielded consistent null findings. Conclusions: This robust analysis found no evidence of structural posterior segment alterations in generalized anxiety disorder, challenging prevailing psychophysiological models. Findings highlight the choroids resilience to chronic stress and underscore the need for multimodal biomarker ap-proaches in psychophysiological ophthalmology research. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, Choroidal vascularity index, Central macular thickness, Optical coherence tomography, Psychophysiology, Biomarkers.

 Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study analyzed 85 participants 38 general-ized anxiety disorder patients, 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Comprehensive oph-thalmic examinations and macular SD-OCT imaging with enhanced depth imaging EDI were per-formed. CMT was measured automatically, while CVI was calculated using standardized ImageJ binarization protocols. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, sensitivity analyses, effect size calculations, and correlation assessments α  0.05. Results: Groups demonstrated comparable demographics age p0.492; sex p0.659; IOP p0.472. No significant differences emerged in CMT 249.420.5 µm vs. 246.032.5 µm; p0.582; Cohens d0.12 or CVI 70.33.3 vs. 70.53.6; p0.787; d-0.06. Sensitivity analyses medication-free subgroup, non-smokers and anxiety severity correlations yielded consistent null findings. Conclusions: This robust analysis found no evidence of structural posterior segment alterations in generalized anxiety disorder, challenging prevailing psychophysiological models. Findings highlight the choroids resilience to chronic stress and underscore the need for multimodal biomarker ap-proaches in psychophysiological ophthalmology research. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, Choroidal vascularity index, Central macular thickness, Optical coherence tomography, Psychophysiology, Biomarkers.

 Amaç: Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu hastalarında spektral-domain optik koherens tomografi SD-OKT kullanarak santral makula kalınlığı SMK ve koroidal vaskülarite indeksinde KVİ potansiyel değişi-kliklerin araştırılması. Materyal ve Metod: Bu retrospektif karşılaştırmalı çalışmada yaşa göre eşleştirilmiş 85 katılımcı 38 yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu hastası, 47 sağlıklı kontrol analiz edildi. Kapsamlı oftalmolojik muay-eneler ve geliştirilmiş derinlik görüntüleme EDI ile makular SD-OKT görüntülemesi yapıldı. SMK otomatik olarak ölçüldü, KVİ ise standart ImageJ binarizasyon protokolleri kullanılarak hesaplandı. İstatistiksel analizler bağımsız t-testleri, duyarlılık analizleri, etki büyüklüğü hesaplamaları ve korela-syon değerlendirmelerini içerdi α  0.05. Bulgular: Gruplar benzer demografik özellikler gösterdi yaş p0.492; cinsiyet p0.659; göz içi basıncı p0.472. SMK 249.420.5 µm karşı 246.032.5 µm; p0.582; d0.12 veya KVİ 70.33.3 karşı 70.53.6; p0.787; d-0.06 açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Duyarlılık analizleri ilaçsız alt grup, sigara içmeyenler ve anksiyete şiddeti korelasyonları tutarlı anlamlı olmayan sonuçlar verdi. Sonuç: Bu analiz yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunda posterior segment değişikliklerinin bulunmadığına dair kanıt sağladı ve mevcut psikofizyolojik modelleri sorguladı. Bulgular koroidin kronik strese karşı direncini vurgulamakta ve psikofizyolojik oftalmoloji araştırmalarında multimodal biomarker yak-laşımlarının gerekliliğini göstermektedir.

Article Details

Effects of Anxiety Disorder on Choroidal Vascularity Index and Central Macular Thickness: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis

Authors:

İbrahim Edhem Yılmaz | Mustafa Berhuni | Gizem Gürbostan Soysal | Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu | Ali Hakim Reyhan

Publisher:

Harran University

Main Topics:

Göz Hastalıkları | Göz Hastalıkları ve Göz Ölçümleri (Diğer)

Journal:

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 3, pp.468-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352420

pISSN:

1304-9623

Generalized anxiety disorder

Choroidal vascularity index

Central macular thickness

Optical coher-ence tomography

Psychophysiology

Biomarkers

Issues

Article Details

Effects of Anxiety Disorder on Choroidal Vascularity Index and Central Macular Thickness: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis

Authors: İbrahim Edhem Yılmaz | Mustafa Berhuni | Gizem Gürbostan Soysal | Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu | Ali Hakim Reyhan

Publisher: Harran University

Main Topics: Göz Hastalıkları | Göz Hastalıkları ve Göz Ölçümleri (Diğer)

Journal: Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 3, pp.468-472

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001352420

pISSN: 1304-9623

Generalized anxiety disorder

Choroidal vascularity index

Central macular thickness

Optical coher-ence tomography

Psychophysiology

Biomarkers

Issues

Authors:

İbrahim Edhem Yılmaz | Mustafa Berhuni | Gizem Gürbostan Soysal | Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu | Ali Hakim Reyhan

Publisher:

Harran University

Main Topics:

Göz Hastalıkları | Göz Hastalıkları ve Göz Ölçümleri (Diğer)

Journal:

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.22 Issue 3, pp.468-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352420

pISSN:

1304-9623