Enhancing the yield of emodin from Cassia alata L. leaves using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction

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Article Details

Enhancing the yield of emodin from Cassia alata L. leaves using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmacognosy

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.29 Issue 4, pp.1551-1561

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342459

pISSN:

2630-6344

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Emodin is a bioactive compound found in Cassia alata leaves, which has several pharmacological effects. However, the current extraction methods for these leaves produce a low yield of emodin. Deep eutectic solvent DES, with their numerous advantages, could be a strategy to increase the yield of emodin during the extraction process. The objective of this research was to enhance the yield of emodin from the extraction of Cassia alata leaves using DES. After evaluating various DES combinations, the selected DES was found to be lactic acid:choline chloride 2:1. To determine optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology with Box Behnken Design was employed. The results indicate that the highest total anthraquinone content was obtained at extraction temperature of 53C, extraction time of 19 minutes, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 gmL. Additionally, partial method validation was conducted for the quantification of emodin in Cassia alata leaves using LC-UV instrumentation. The validated method employed the following conditions: isocratic mobile phase of 2 acetic acid:methanol 30:70, flow rate of 0.8 mLmin, wavelength of 288 nm, and C-18 column 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm. The emodin and total anthraquinone content in the Cassia alata leaf extract using the selected DES were higher compared to ethanol extract using the same extraction method. In conclusion, the DES solvent lactic acid:choline chloride in molar ratio 2:1 can be utilized as an alternative solvent in the extraction of Cassia alata leaves, which is more effective and efficient in enhancing emodin yield compared to conventional ethanol solvents.

 Emodin is a bioactive compound found in Cassia alata leaves, which has several pharmacological effects. However, the current extraction methods for these leaves produce a low yield of emodin. Deep eutectic solvent DES, with their numerous advantages, could be a strategy to increase the yield of emodin during the extraction process. The objective of this research was to enhance the yield of emodin from the extraction of Cassia alata leaves using DES. After evaluating various DES combinations, the selected DES was found to be lactic acid:choline chloride 2:1. To determine optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology with Box Behnken Design was employed. The results indicate that the highest total anthraquinone content was obtained at extraction temperature of 53C, extraction time of 19 minutes, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 gmL. Additionally, partial method validation was conducted for the quantification of emodin in Cassia alata leaves using LC-UV instrumentation. The validated method employed the following conditions: isocratic mobile phase of 2 acetic acid:methanol 30:70, flow rate of 0.8 mLmin, wavelength of 288 nm, and C-18 column 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm. The emodin and total anthraquinone content in the Cassia alata leaf extract using the selected DES were higher compared to ethanol extract using the same extraction method. In conclusion, the DES solvent lactic acid:choline chloride in molar ratio 2:1 can be utilized as an alternative solvent in the extraction of Cassia alata leaves, which is more effective and efficient in enhancing emodin yield compared to conventional ethanol solvents.

 Emodin is a bioactive compound found in Cassia alata leaves, which has several pharmacological effects. However, the current extraction methods for these leaves produce a low yield of emodin. Deep eutectic solvent DES, with their numerous advantages, could be a strategy to increase the yield of emodin during the extraction process. The objective of this research was to enhance the yield of emodin from the extraction of Cassia alata leaves using DES. After evaluating various DES combinations, the selected DES was found to be lactic acid:choline chloride 2:1. To determine optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology with Box Behnken Design was employed. The results indicate that the highest total anthraquinone content was obtained at extraction temperature of 53C, extraction time of 19 minutes, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 gmL. Additionally, partial method validation was conducted for the quantification of emodin in Cassia alata leaves using LC-UV instrumentation. The validated method employed the following conditions: isocratic mobile phase of 2 acetic acid:methanol 30:70, flow rate of 0.8 mLmin, wavelength of 288 nm, and C-18 column 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm. The emodin and total anthraquinone content in the Cassia alata leaf extract using the selected DES were higher compared to ethanol extract using the same extraction method. In conclusion, the DES solvent lactic acid:choline chloride in molar ratio 2:1 can be utilized as an alternative solvent in the extraction of Cassia alata leaves, which is more effective and efficient in enhancing emodin yield compared to conventional ethanol solvents.

 Emodin is a bioactive compound found in Cassia alata leaves, which has several pharmacological effects. However, the current extraction methods for these leaves produce a low yield of emodin. Deep eutectic solvent DES, with their numerous advantages, could be a strategy to increase the yield of emodin during the extraction process. The objective of this research was to enhance the yield of emodin from the extraction of Cassia alata leaves using DES. After evaluating various DES combinations, the selected DES was found to be lactic acid:choline chloride 2:1. To determine optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology with Box Behnken Design was employed. The results indicate that the highest total anthraquinone content was obtained at extraction temperature of 53C, extraction time of 19 minutes, and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 gmL. Additionally, partial method validation was conducted for the quantification of emodin in Cassia alata leaves using LC-UV instrumentation. The validated method employed the following conditions: isocratic mobile phase of 2 acetic acid:methanol 30:70, flow rate of 0.8 mLmin, wavelength of 288 nm, and C-18 column 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm. The emodin and total anthraquinone content in the Cassia alata leaf extract using the selected DES were higher compared to ethanol extract using the same extraction method. In conclusion, the DES solvent lactic acid:choline chloride in molar ratio 2:1 can be utilized as an alternative solvent in the extraction of Cassia alata leaves, which is more effective and efficient in enhancing emodin yield compared to conventional ethanol solvents.

Article Details

Enhancing the yield of emodin from Cassia alata L. leaves using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmacognosy

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.29 Issue 4, pp.1551-1561

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342459

pISSN:

2630-6344

Senna alata

anthraquinone

response surface methodology

HPLC

green extraction

Issues

Article Details

Enhancing the yield of emodin from Cassia alata L. leaves using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction

Authors: N.A.

Publisher: Marmara University

Main Topics: Pharmacognosy

Journal: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.29 Issue 4, pp.1551-1561

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001342459

pISSN: 2630-6344

Senna alata

anthraquinone

response surface methodology

HPLC

green extraction

Issues

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmacognosy

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.29 Issue 4, pp.1551-1561

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342459

pISSN:

2630-6344