Fertility Status of Agricultural Soils in İstanbul Province

Emel Kayalı; Orhan Yüksel

Article Details

Fertility Status of Agricultural Soils in İstanbul Province

Authors:

Emel Kayalı | Orhan Yüksel

Publisher:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Main Topics:

Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği | Toprak Etüd ve Haritalama | Toprak Fiziği

Journal:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1336-1350

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333247

pISSN:

1302-7050

Keywords:

Abstract:

 As a region of geopolitical significance and industrialization, İstanbul province has a traditional production system in which intensive agricultural production is carried out, especially in Silivri and Çatalca districts, where sunflower and wheat agriculture is carried out in alternation under irrigated conditions due to sufficient rainfall. These agricultural areas, which are also under intense urbanization pressure, need to be protected in order to be used sustainably. For this purpose, it is a priority to determine the current productivity status of agricultural areas. There is no study in the literature that reveals the current agricultural productivity status of İstanbul province. In this study, some physical and chemical soil properties of the agricultural areas where the same agricultural production system has been practiced for many years were determined in terms of sustainable agriculture. In order to determine these soil properties, surface soil sampling 0-20 cm was carried out according to the grid system at 2.5  2.5 km intervals covering all agricultural areas and a total of 196 soil samples were taken and the field study was completed. All soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and the current fertility status of the agricultural areas in the province of İstanbul was determined. According to the results of the research, the agricultural soils of İstanbul province are generally medium-heavy and heavy textured, medium alkaline and neutral pH, without salinity problems, 50 of them have very low CaCO3 content and the rest are calcareous soils with varying levels of CaCO3. It was determined that the high CaCO3 content in 11 of the soils was due to the rendzina great soil group formed on marl parent material. In terms of organic matter, 59 were classified as low, 26 as moderate, 50 as high and very high in terms of available phosphorus, and 79 as high and very high in terms of extractable potassium. After the classification of all analyzed parameters, the distribution maps of a parameter were created by using Geographical Information Systems GIS. IDW, which is an inverse distance weighting method widely used in soil science, was used to create the distribution maps.

 As a region of geopolitical significance and industrialization, İstanbul province has a traditional production system in which intensive agricultural production is carried out, especially in Silivri and Çatalca districts, where sunflower and wheat agriculture is carried out in alternation under irrigated conditions due to sufficient rainfall. These agricultural areas, which are also under intense urbanization pressure, need to be protected in order to be used sustainably. For this purpose, it is a priority to determine the current productivity status of agricultural areas. There is no study in the literature that reveals the current agricultural productivity status of İstanbul province. In this study, some physical and chemical soil properties of the agricultural areas where the same agricultural production system has been practiced for many years were determined in terms of sustainable agriculture. In order to determine these soil properties, surface soil sampling 0-20 cm was carried out according to the grid system at 2.5  2.5 km intervals covering all agricultural areas and a total of 196 soil samples were taken and the field study was completed. All soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and the current fertility status of the agricultural areas in the province of İstanbul was determined. According to the results of the research, the agricultural soils of İstanbul province are generally medium-heavy and heavy textured, medium alkaline and neutral pH, without salinity problems, 50 of them have very low CaCO3 content and the rest are calcareous soils with varying levels of CaCO3. It was determined that the high CaCO3 content in 11 of the soils was due to the rendzina great soil group formed on marl parent material. In terms of organic matter, 59 were classified as low, 26 as moderate, 50 as high and very high in terms of available phosphorus, and 79 as high and very high in terms of extractable potassium. After the classification of all analyzed parameters, the distribution maps of a parameter were created by using Geographical Information Systems GIS. IDW, which is an inverse distance weighting method widely used in soil science, was used to create the distribution maps.

 As a region of geopolitical significance and industrialization, İstanbul province has a traditional production system in which intensive agricultural production is carried out, especially in Silivri and Çatalca districts, where sunflower and wheat agriculture is carried out in alternation under irrigated conditions due to sufficient rainfall. These agricultural areas, which are also under intense urbanization pressure, need to be protected in order to be used sustainably. For this purpose, it is a priority to determine the current productivity status of agricultural areas. There is no study in the literature that reveals the current agricultural productivity status of İstanbul province. In this study, some physical and chemical soil properties of the agricultural areas where the same agricultural production system has been practiced for many years were determined in terms of sustainable agriculture. In order to determine these soil properties, surface soil sampling 0-20 cm was carried out according to the grid system at 2.5  2.5 km intervals covering all agricultural areas and a total of 196 soil samples were taken and the field study was completed. All soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and the current fertility status of the agricultural areas in the province of İstanbul was determined. According to the results of the research, the agricultural soils of İstanbul province are generally medium-heavy and heavy textured, medium alkaline and neutral pH, without salinity problems, 50 of them have very low CaCO3 content and the rest are calcareous soils with varying levels of CaCO3. It was determined that the high CaCO3 content in 11 of the soils was due to the rendzina great soil group formed on marl parent material. In terms of organic matter, 59 were classified as low, 26 as moderate, 50 as high and very high in terms of available phosphorus, and 79 as high and very high in terms of extractable potassium. After the classification of all analyzed parameters, the distribution maps of a parameter were created by using Geographical Information Systems GIS. IDW, which is an inverse distance weighting method widely used in soil science, was used to create the distribution maps.

 İstanbul ili, jeopolitik önemi ve sanayileşmenin yanı sıra, özellikle Silivri ve Çatalca ilçelerinde yoğun tarımsal üretimin gerçekleştirildiği, yağışların yeterli olması sayesinde ayçiçeği ve buğday tarımının susuz koşullarda münavebe şeklinde sürdürüldüğü gelenekselleşmiş bir üretim sistemine sahiptir. Aynı zamanda yoğun şehirleşme baskısı altında da olan bu tarım alanlarının, sürdürülebilir bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi için korunması gerekmektedir. Bunun içinde tarım alanlarının mevcut verimlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi önceliklidir. Literatürde İstanbul ilinin mevcut tarımsal durumunu ortaya koyan herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile uzun yıllar boyunca aynı tarımsal üretim şeklinin uygulandığı bu tarım alanlarının sürdürülebilirliği açısından bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak özelliklerini mevcut durumlarının belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu toprak özelliklerini belirlemek için tüm tarım alanlarını kapsayacak şekilde 2,5  2,5 km aralıklarla grid sistemine göre yüzey toprak örneklemesi 0-20 cm gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplam 196 adet toprak örneği alınarak arazi çalışması tamamlanmıştır. Alınan tüm toprak örneklerinde bünye, pH, EC, organik madde, alınabilir fosfor ve alınabilir potasyum analizleri yapılarak İstabul ili tarım alanlarının mevcut verimlilik durumu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, İstanbul ili tarım toprakları genellikle orta-ağır ve ağır bünyeli, orta alkali ve nötr pHa sahip, tuzluluk sorunu olmayan, 50si kireçsiz iken kalanı değişen oranlarda kireçli topraklardır. Toprakların özellikle 11inde yüksek kireç içeriğinin, marn ana materyal üzerinde oluşmuş rendzina büyük toprak grubundan kaynaklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Organik madde bakımından 59u az, 26sı orta; alınabilir fosfor bakımından 55i yüksek ve çok yüksek; ekstrakte edilebilir potasyum bakımından ise 79u zengin ve çok zengin sınıfa girmektedir. Tüm analiz parametrelerinin sınıflandırılmasının ardından bir parametreye ait dağılım haritaları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri CBS kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Dağılım haritalarının oluşturulmasından toprak biliminde yaygın olarak kullanılan ters mesafe ağırlık yöntemi olan IDW kullanılmıştır.

Article Details

Fertility Status of Agricultural Soils in İstanbul Province

Authors:

Emel Kayalı | Orhan Yüksel

Publisher:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Main Topics:

Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği | Toprak Etüd ve Haritalama | Toprak Fiziği

Journal:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1336-1350

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333247

pISSN:

1302-7050

Istanbul province

Soil fertility

Geographic information systems

Soil quality

Geostatistical analysisİstanbul ili

Toprak verimliliği

Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri

Toprak kalitesi

Jeoistatistiksel modelleme

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Emel Kayalı | Orhan Yüksel

Publisher: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Main Topics: Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği | Toprak Etüd ve Haritalama | Toprak Fiziği

Journal: Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1336-1350

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2024

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333247

pISSN: 1302-7050

Issues

Authors:

Emel Kayalı | Orhan Yüksel

Publisher:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Main Topics:

Bitki Besleme ve Toprak Verimliliği | Toprak Etüd ve Haritalama | Toprak Fiziği

Journal:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1336-1350

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333247

pISSN:

1302-7050