Investigation of mineralogical properties of Çal (Denizli) region clays and their usability as ceramics raw material

Baris Semiz

Article Details

Investigation of mineralogical properties of Çal (Denizli) region clays and their usability as ceramics raw material

Authors:

Baris Semiz

Publisher:

Gumushane University

Main Topics:

Mineraloji-Petrografi | Uygulamalı Jeoloji

Journal:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.568-581

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318455

pISSN:

2146-538X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This study aimed to determine the mineralogical properties of clay-rich raw materials from two different locations in the Çal Denizli region and to reveal their potential use in the production of traditional ceramic products through industrial processes. Additionally, it was also aimed to determine the possible use as raw materials for archaeological ceramics pottery, etc.. In this context, physical, chemical X-ray fluorescence, XRF, mineralogical X-ray diffraction, XRD, thermal analysis Differential Thermal Analyzer-Thermogravimetry, DTA-TG, Atterberg limits and grain size analysis methods were performed. In addition, cylindrical samples were prepared for technological tests and fired from 700C to 1100C after that, unit volume weight, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, firing shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage values were measured at all temperatures. As a result of the examination of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clays ÇL4 and ÇL5, it was determined that there were no major differences. In general, they were found to contain quartz, calcite and chlorite minerals and illite and kaolinite as clay minerals, but in the ÇL4 sample, they were found to have different chlorite-smectite type layered clays. Chemically, the main oxides of Çal clays consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and are characterized by high CaO and Loss on ignition LOI content in the ÇL4 sample. The samples examined in terms of their physical properties are generally defined as silty clay. Plasticity indexes PI at high values about 15-16 show that the clays have medium-high plastic raw materials potential. It was determined that the ÇL4 sample contained lower unit volume weight and higher water absorption values than the ÇL5 sample. It was also determined that the uniaxial compressive strengths increased gradually in the ÇL5 samples and decreased starting from 800oC in the ÇL4 sample. Technical tests show that Çal clays are suitable for the manufacture of structural ceramic products such as bricks and tiles, as well as for the production of pottery with the addition of plastic clays.

 This study aimed to determine the mineralogical properties of clay-rich raw materials from two different locations in the Çal Denizli region and to reveal their potential use in the production of traditional ceramic products through industrial processes. Additionally, it was also aimed to determine the possible use as raw materials for archaeological ceramics pottery, etc.. In this context, physical, chemical X-ray fluorescence, XRF, mineralogical X-ray diffraction, XRD, thermal analysis Differential Thermal Analyzer-Thermogravimetry, DTA-TG, Atterberg limits and grain size analysis methods were performed. In addition, cylindrical samples were prepared for technological tests and fired from 700C to 1100C after that, unit volume weight, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, firing shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage values were measured at all temperatures. As a result of the examination of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clays ÇL4 and ÇL5, it was determined that there were no major differences. In general, they were found to contain quartz, calcite and chlorite minerals and illite and kaolinite as clay minerals, but in the ÇL4 sample, they were found to have different chlorite-smectite type layered clays. Chemically, the main oxides of Çal clays consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and are characterized by high CaO and Loss on ignition LOI content in the ÇL4 sample. The samples examined in terms of their physical properties are generally defined as silty clay. Plasticity indexes PI at high values about 15-16 show that the clays have medium-high plastic raw materials potential. It was determined that the ÇL4 sample contained lower unit volume weight and higher water absorption values than the ÇL5 sample. It was also determined that the uniaxial compressive strengths increased gradually in the ÇL5 samples and decreased starting from 800oC in the ÇL4 sample. Technical tests show that Çal clays are suitable for the manufacture of structural ceramic products such as bricks and tiles, as well as for the production of pottery with the addition of plastic clays.

 This study aimed to determine the mineralogical properties of clay-rich raw materials from two different locations in the Çal Denizli region and to reveal their potential use in the production of traditional ceramic products through industrial processes. Additionally, it was also aimed to determine the possible use as raw materials for archaeological ceramics pottery, etc.. In this context, physical, chemical X-ray fluorescence, XRF, mineralogical X-ray diffraction, XRD, thermal analysis Differential Thermal Analyzer-Thermogravimetry, DTA-TG, Atterberg limits and grain size analysis methods were performed. In addition, cylindrical samples were prepared for technological tests and fired from 700C to 1100C after that, unit volume weight, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, firing shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage values were measured at all temperatures. As a result of the examination of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the clays ÇL4 and ÇL5, it was determined that there were no major differences. In general, they were found to contain quartz, calcite and chlorite minerals and illite and kaolinite as clay minerals, but in the ÇL4 sample, they were found to have different chlorite-smectite type layered clays. Chemically, the main oxides of Çal clays consist of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and are characterized by high CaO and Loss on ignition LOI content in the ÇL4 sample. The samples examined in terms of their physical properties are generally defined as silty clay. Plasticity indexes PI at high values about 15-16 show that the clays have medium-high plastic raw materials potential. It was determined that the ÇL4 sample contained lower unit volume weight and higher water absorption values than the ÇL5 sample. It was also determined that the uniaxial compressive strengths increased gradually in the ÇL5 samples and decreased starting from 800oC in the ÇL4 sample. Technical tests show that Çal clays are suitable for the manufacture of structural ceramic products such as bricks and tiles, as well as for the production of pottery with the addition of plastic clays.

 Bu çalışmada, Çal Denizli bölgesinde iki farklı lokasyondan alınan kil bakımından zengin hammaddelerin mineralojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve endüstriyel işlemlerle geleneksel seramik ürünlerin üretiminde kullanım potansiyellerinin ortaya koyulması, ayrıca arkeolojik seramik çanak-çömlek vb. hammaddesi olarak kullanılma potansiyelinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda fiziksel, kimyasal X-ışını floresansı, XRF, mineralojik X-ışını kırınımı, XRD, termal analiz Diferansiyel Termal Analizör-Termogravimetri, DTA-TG, kıvam limitleri ve tane boyu dağılımı analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, teknolojik testler için silindirik numuneler hazırlanıp 700Cden 1100Cye pişirilmiş ve tüm sıcaklıklarda birim hacim ağırlığı, su emme, tek eksenli basınç dayanımı, boy kısalması ve hacimce büzülme değerleri ölçülmüştür. İncelenen killerin ÇL4 ve ÇL5 kimyasal ve mineralojik bileşimlerinin incelenmesi sonucunda bileşimlerinde çok büyük farklılıkların olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak kuvars, kalsit ve klorit mineralleri ile kil minerali olarak illit ve kaolinit içerdikleri, ÇL4 örneğinde ise farklı olarak klorit-simektit türü tabakalı killer tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal olarak Çal killerinin ana oksitleri, SiO2, Al2O3 ve Fe2O3ten oluşmakta olup ÇL4 örneğinde yüksek CaO ve kızdırma kaybı içeriğiyle karakterize edilmiştir. Fiziksel özellikleri açısından incelenen örnekler genellikle siltli kil olarak tanımlanmıştır. Plastisite indekslerinin PI 15-16 gibi yüksek bir değerde belirlenmesi, çalışılan killerin orta-yüksek plastik hammadde potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. ÇL4 örneğinin ÇL5 örneğine göre düşük birim hacim ağırlık ve daha yüksek su emme değerleri içerdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Tek eksenli basınç dayanımları ÇL5 örneklerinde kademeli olarak artış gösterdiği, ÇL4 örneğinde ise 800oCden itibaren düşüş gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Teknik testler, Çal killerinin tuğla ve kiremit gibi yapısal seramik ürünlerin imalatında ve ayrıca plastik killerin ilave edilmesi ile çanak-çömlek üretiminde uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.

Article Details

Investigation of mineralogical properties of Çal (Denizli) region clays and their usability as ceramics raw material

Authors:

Baris Semiz

Publisher:

Gumushane University

Main Topics:

Mineraloji-Petrografi | Uygulamalı Jeoloji

Journal:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.568-581

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318455

pISSN:

2146-538X

Geochemistry

Red clays

Mineralogy

Brick-tile

Technological testsJeokimya

Kırmızı kil

Mineraloji

Tuğla-kiremit

Teknolojik testler

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Baris Semiz

Publisher: Gumushane University

Main Topics: Mineraloji-Petrografi | Uygulamalı Jeoloji

Journal: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.568-581

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001318455

pISSN: 2146-538X

Issues

Authors:

Baris Semiz

Publisher:

Gumushane University

Main Topics:

Mineraloji-Petrografi | Uygulamalı Jeoloji

Journal:

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 2, pp.568-581

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318455

pISSN:

2146-538X