A Meta Synthesis Study on Shadow Education in Türkiye

Nurgül Kendirlioğlu Günhan; Nilay Bumen

Article Details

A Meta Synthesis Study on Shadow Education in Türkiye

Authors:

Nurgül Kendirlioğlu Günhan | Nilay Bumen

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 62, pp.179-214

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318739

pISSN:

1301-0085

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The aim of this study was to distil the qualitative research on shadow education in Türkiye and to present an original synthesis that would help to solve the problems. Qualitative studies from different databases with specific inclusion criteria n8 were selected and analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. The findings of the studies were the primary themes, their systematic comparison and analysis were the secondary themes, and the synthesis was made through the examination and discussion of the relationships between the themes and categories. According to the findings, the reasons for shadow education were identified as preparation for high-stakes tests, overcrowded classrooms, the need to compensate for students learning deficits, teachers lack of qualifications and parents demands. While the positive results of shadow education are that students develop regular study habits and improve their academic performance, the negative results are that students do not have the opportunity to socialize, do not have time for the arts and sports, educational inequality increases, the school is devalued and the curriculum dysfunctionalized, education becomes rote and test-driven, pressure to perform and stress increases among students, and parents face serious financial burdens. As a final synthesis; it is recommended to produce more models for transition between grade-levels, to reduce the quality differences between public schools and class sizes, to organize free central mock exams, to increase the quality of supportive courses conducted in public schools, to support the professional development of teachers, and to take measures to increase students self-regulation skills. Recommendations for institutionsindividuals involved in shadow education include legalizing and taxing private tuition, increasing supervision of private tuitionstudy centers and raising awareness of professional ethics among educators.

 The aim of this study was to distil the qualitative research on shadow education in Türkiye and to present an original synthesis that would help to solve the problems. Qualitative studies from different databases with specific inclusion criteria n8 were selected and analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. The findings of the studies were the primary themes, their systematic comparison and analysis were the secondary themes, and the synthesis was made through the examination and discussion of the relationships between the themes and categories. According to the findings, the reasons for shadow education were identified as preparation for high-stakes tests, overcrowded classrooms, the need to compensate for students learning deficits, teachers lack of qualifications and parents demands. While the positive results of shadow education are that students develop regular study habits and improve their academic performance, the negative results are that students do not have the opportunity to socialize, do not have time for the arts and sports, educational inequality increases, the school is devalued and the curriculum dysfunctionalized, education becomes rote and test-driven, pressure to perform and stress increases among students, and parents face serious financial burdens. As a final synthesis; it is recommended to produce more models for transition between grade-levels, to reduce the quality differences between public schools and class sizes, to organize free central mock exams, to increase the quality of supportive courses conducted in public schools, to support the professional development of teachers, and to take measures to increase students self-regulation skills. Recommendations for institutionsindividuals involved in shadow education include legalizing and taxing private tuition, increasing supervision of private tuitionstudy centers and raising awareness of professional ethics among educators.

 The aim of this study was to distil the qualitative research on shadow education in Türkiye and to present an original synthesis that would help to solve the problems. Qualitative studies from different databases with specific inclusion criteria n8 were selected and analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. The findings of the studies were the primary themes, their systematic comparison and analysis were the secondary themes, and the synthesis was made through the examination and discussion of the relationships between the themes and categories. According to the findings, the reasons for shadow education were identified as preparation for high-stakes tests, overcrowded classrooms, the need to compensate for students learning deficits, teachers lack of qualifications and parents demands. While the positive results of shadow education are that students develop regular study habits and improve their academic performance, the negative results are that students do not have the opportunity to socialize, do not have time for the arts and sports, educational inequality increases, the school is devalued and the curriculum dysfunctionalized, education becomes rote and test-driven, pressure to perform and stress increases among students, and parents face serious financial burdens. As a final synthesis; it is recommended to produce more models for transition between grade-levels, to reduce the quality differences between public schools and class sizes, to organize free central mock exams, to increase the quality of supportive courses conducted in public schools, to support the professional development of teachers, and to take measures to increase students self-regulation skills. Recommendations for institutionsindividuals involved in shadow education include legalizing and taxing private tuition, increasing supervision of private tuitionstudy centers and raising awareness of professional ethics among educators.

 Bu çalışmada Türkiyede gölge eğitim konusundaki nitel araştırmalar damıtılarak, sorunlara çözüm getirecek özgün bir sentez ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Meta sentez yöntemiyle yürütülen çalışmada, farklı veri tabanlarından yapılan taramalardan elde edilen nitel çalışmalar, belirli dâhil etme ölçütleriyle seçilerek n8 analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmaların bulguları birincil temaları; bunların sistematik olarak karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmesi ikincil temaları oluşturmuş, tema ve kategoriler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenip tartışılmasıyla sentez üretilmiştir. Bulgulara göre gölge eğitimin nedenleri; merkezi sınavlara hazırlanma, sınıfların kalabalık olması, öğrencinin öğrenme eksiklerini telafi etme ihtiyacı, öğretmenlerin yetersiz bulunması, velilerin talep etmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Gölge eğitimin olumlu sonuçları öğrenciye düzenli çalışma alışkanlığı kazandırma ve akademik performansta artış iken; olumsuz sonuçları öğrencilerin sosyalleşememesi, sanat ve spora vakit ayıramaması, eğitimde fırsat eşitsizliğini artırması, okulun değersizleşmesi ve öğretim programlarının işlevsizleşmesi, eğitimin ezber-test odaklı hale gelmesi, öğrencilerde performans baskısı ve stresi artırması, velilere ciddi maddi yükler getirmesidir. Nihai sentez olarak; kademeler arası geçiş ile ilgili daha fazla model üretilmesi, devlet okulları arasındaki kalite farklılıklarının ve sınıf mevcutlarının azaltılması, ücretsiz merkezi deneme sınavları düzenlenmesi, devlet okullarında yürütülen destekleyici kurslarda niteliğin artırılması, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişiminin desteklenmesi, öğrencilerin öz düzenleme becerilerinin arttırılmasına yönelik tedbirler alınması önerilmiştir. Gölge eğitim yürüten kurumlarkişiler açısından öneriler ise, özel derslerin yasal hale getirilmesi ve vergilendirilmesi, özel kurslardaetüt merkezlerinde denetimin arttırılması, eğitimcilerin mesleki etiği konusunda bilinçlendirilmesidir.

Article Details

A Meta Synthesis Study on Shadow Education in Türkiye

Authors:

Nurgül Kendirlioğlu Günhan | Nilay Bumen

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 62, pp.179-214

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318739

pISSN:

1301-0085

Shadow education

problems of shadow education

private tutoring

dershane

high-stakes testing

educational equalityGölge eğitim

gölge eğitimin sorunları

özel ders

dershane

merkezi sınavlar

eğitimde fırsat eşitliği

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Nurgül Kendirlioğlu Günhan | Nilay Bumen

Publisher: Pamukkale University

Main Topics: Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)

Journal: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 62, pp.179-214

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001318739

pISSN: 1301-0085

Issues

Authors:

Nurgül Kendirlioğlu Günhan | Nilay Bumen

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Main Topics:

Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 62, pp.179-214

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318739

pISSN:

1301-0085