KOP BÖLGESİNİN BANKACILIK HİZMETLERİNE ERİŞİM VE KULLANIM YÖNÜNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Haşmet SARIGÜL

Article Details

KOP BÖLGESİNİN BANKACILIK HİZMETLERİNE ERİŞİM VE KULLANIM YÖNÜNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Authors:

Haşmet SARIGÜL

Publisher:

Selcuk University

Journal:

The Journal of Social Economic Research 2014 Vol.14 Issue 27, pp.232-252

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2014

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2000610348

Frequency:

Bi-Annual

eISSN:

2148-3043

Abstract:

 

Konya Ovası Projesi kapsamında kurulan kalkınma idaresinin amacı bölgenin gelişme potansiyelini çok sektörlü olarak ortaya koymak, rekabet gücünü öne çıkarmak, ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma hızını artırmaktır. Finansal sistem ise ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma sürecinin temel taşı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Finansal sistemin lokomotifi ise ülkemizde ve dünyada bankacılık sektörüdür. KOP Bölgesinde de yerel yatırımları hızlandırmak, bölgenin rekabet gücünü artırmak ve kalkınma planlarını hayata geçirmek için bankacılık hizmetlerine erişim önemli bir unsurdur. Çalışmamızın amacı KOP Bölgesinde (i) bankacılık hizmetlerine erişimin ve bu hizmetlerin kullanımının araştırılması, (ii) ülke verileri ile karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışma 2010-2012 dönemini kapsamakta olup dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünün ardından ikinci bölümde literatür taraması yapılmıştır, üçüncü bölümde veriler paylaşılmıştır. Dördüncü ve son bölümde sonuç yer almaktadır. Araştırmada ülke, bölge ve bölgedeki illerin verileri arasında bankacılık hizmetlerine demografik ve coğrafi erişim ile bu hizmetlerin kullanımı açılarından önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir.

 

Financial system of a country is considered as the cornerstone of economic
 growth and development. As in the rest of the World, banking is the major provider of
 financial services in Turkey. In the literatüre, there are many studies reveal that a wellfunctioning
 banking sector is essential in achieving economic growth targets, reducing
 poverty and inequality in income distribution. In other words, banks play the most
 important role in the development of the less developed regions among the financial
 institutions. In this context, to build up an accessible banking system is one of the main
 goals of every economy. Access to financial services, however, is not synonymous to the
 use of financial services.
 Economic agents might have access to financial services, but may decide not to
 use them, either for socio-cultural reasons, or because opportunity costs are too high.
 Therefore, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between two different concepts when
 discussing the outreach of the banking system. The first one is accessing and the
 possibility of using financial services and second is actual use of financial services.
 The World Bank uses two classes of indicators that correspond to the different
 concepts of access to and use of financial services. The first one includes the data on the
 number of branches and ATMs relative to population and area, to capture the geographic
 and demographic penetration of the banking system. Higher branch intensity in
 demographic and geographic terms would indicate higher possibilities of access and the
 opportunity to use financial services by households and enterprises. In order to measure
 the actual use of deposit and credit services, the data on the number of loan and deposit
 accounts relative to population and average loan and deposit size relative to GDP per
 capita are used as the second one. Higher ratios of the number of loan and deposit
 accounts per capita and lower average loan and deposit amounts relative to GDP per
 capita will indicate use of deposit and credit services by a greater share of the population
 and “smaller” clients. The indicators which are used in this study derived from these
 World Bank indicators.
 The regional development agencies are established under GAP (Southeastern
 Anatolia Project), EAP (East Anatolia Project), DOKAP (Eastern Black Sea Project) and
 KOP (Konya Plain Project). The main purposes of these agencies are to (i) reduce interregional
 differences and (ii) improve the competitiveness of these regions. The KOP
 region, the subject of our study, contains Aksaray, Karaman, Konya and Nigde cities. This
 region constitutes 8.5% of Turkey in area with 65 thousand square kilometers and about
 4% of Turkey with population approximately 3 million people. There are 50 districts, 263
 towns and 1.002 villages in four cities of KOP region. According to the socio-economic
 development index of Turkey (SEDI) in 2011, the ranking of Konya is 20, Karaman 32,
 Aksaray 55 and Nigde 56.
 Access to and use of banking services are very important elements to accelerate
 local investments, improve the competitiveness and implement development policies
 across KOP region. The aim of our study is to (i) investigate access to and use of banking
 services in KOP Region and (ii) compare it with national data. Our study consists of four
 sections. Following the introduction, literature review conducted in the second part. In section three, the description and measurement methods of access to and use of banking
 services are given. Data collection and analyses are also applied in this chapter. The paper
 ends with some concluding remarks. The study uses the data of 2010-2012 period
 collected from the publications and reports of Banking Regulation and Supervision
 Agency of Turkey, Central Bank of Turkey, The Banks Association of Turkey,
 Participation Banks Association of Turkey, The Interbank Card Center of Turkey and The
 World Bank.
 24 of the 35 banks operating in Turkey have also branches in this region. Results
 of the research reveal that, branches and ATMs across the country per km ² rise in the
 research period. It indicates that access to banking services is becoming widespread in
 the country. In the same period, the number of branches and ATMs per km ² in KOP
 region increased at a rate higher than the country.
 Besides that, the geographic and demographic penetration of the banking system
 in KOP region is below the avarage of Turkey. Demographic indicators (ATM/population
 and employee/population) of access to banking services in KOP region remained behind
 the national average. On the other hand, the average population per bank employee is
 around 400 in Turkey and 800 in the region while it is 150 people in the European Union.
 In addition to this, the population per branch is 2,000 in EU, 7.000 in Turkey and 9.000 in
 KOP region. These indicators are evaluated as growth and employment potential of the
 sector.
 The cash loans and deposits per capita increased both in the region and the
 country in 2010-2012 period. The increase in cash loan / deposit ratio indicate that the
 growth of total credits amount is higher than deposits. But, loan amount per capita is
 significantly behind the national average. The decrease in domestic savings rate is one of
 the reasons of reduction of the share of deposits. In addition, the effects of cultural and
 religious reasons should be investigated. The shares of loans to food, soft drinks and
 tobacco, and agriculture sectors among all sectors are significantly higher while the the
 shares of construction, energy and wholesale trade sectors are lower than the loan rates of
 these sectors in country level. The rate of consumer credits to total cash loans is above the
 rate of the country. Depending on the type of loan, consumer credits per capita is close to
 the national average or below it. On the other hand, the increase in non-performing loans
 ratio, is below the national average.
 As a result, access to and use of the financial system remain low compared to the
 national average. But, it also indicates a potential. The inclusion of individuals and
 institutions who do not have access to the banking services yet will increase the amount of
 savings, increase in savings will contribute to the accumulation of capital and this will
 support economic growth and regional development. The access of more people and
 institutions to the banking services will help the impelementation of monetary and fiscal
 policies effectively.

Article Details

KOP BÖLGESİNİN BANKACILIK HİZMETLERİNE ERİŞİM VE KULLANIM YÖNÜNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Authors: Haşmet SARIGÜL

Publisher: Selcuk University

Journal: The Journal of Social Economic Research 2014 Vol.14 Issue 27, pp.232-252

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2014

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2000610348

Frequency: Bi-Annual

eISSN: 2148-3043

Issues

Authors:

Haşmet SARIGÜL

Publisher:

Selcuk University

Journal:

The Journal of Social Economic Research 2014 Vol.14 Issue 27, pp.232-252

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2014

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2000610348

Frequency:

Bi-Annual

eISSN:

2148-3043